Google Scholar Google Academy Google citation
Google Scholar is a freely accessible search engine that indexes the full text of scientific publications of all formats and disciplines. Release date in beta version status - November 2004. The Google Scholar index includes the majority of peer-reviewed online journals from Europe and America from the largest scientific publishers. It is similar in function to freely available systems Scirus from Elsevier, CiteSeerX and getCITED. It is also similar to subscription-based tools such as Elsevier's Scopus and Thomson ISI's Web of Science. Google Scholar's advertising slogan, "standing on the shoulders of giants," is a tribute to the scientists who have contributed to their fields over the centuries, providing the foundation for new scientific advances.
Story
Google Scholar arose from a discussion between Alex Verstak and Anurag Acharya, both of whom then worked on building Google's core web index.
In 2006, in response to the release of Microsoft's Windows Live Academic Search, a potential competitor to Google Scholar, it introduced a citation import feature using bibliographic managers (such as RefWorks, RefMan, EndNote, and BibTeX). Similar capabilities are also implemented in other search engines such as CiteSeer and Scirus.
In 2007, Acharya announced that Google Scholar had begun a program to digitize and host journal articles under an agreement with publishers, separate from Google Books, whose scans of old journals do not include the metadata needed to find specific articles in specific fields.
Features and Specifications
Google Scholar allows users to search for digital or physical copies of articles, whether online or in libraries. "Scientific" search results are generated using links from "full-text journal articles, technical reports, preprints, dissertations, books and other documents, including selected web pages that are considered "scientific". Because most scientific results Google search These are direct links to commercial journal articles, most users will only be able to access a short abstract of the article, as well as a small number important information about the article and may have to pay to access the full article. Google Scholar is just as easy to use as Google's regular web search, especially with the "Advanced Search" feature that can automatically narrow search results to specific journals or articles. The most significant keyword search results will be listed first, in order of the author's ranking, the number of references that are associated with it and their relationship to other scientific literature, and also the publication ranking of the journal in which it is published.
Through its "cited in" feature, Google Scholar provides access to abstracts of articles that cite the article being reviewed. It is this function, in particular, that provides a citation index previously available only in Scopus and Web of Knowledge. With its Related Articles feature, Google Scholar presents a list of closely related articles, ranked primarily by how similar the articles are to the original result, but also by the importance of each article.
As of March 2011, Google Scholar is not yet available for the Google AJAX API.
Ranking algorithm
While most academic databases and search engines allow users to select one of the factors (such as relevance, number of citations, or publication date) to rank results, Google Scholar ranks results using a combined ranking algorithm that operates as “researchers do, given the full the text of each article, the author, the publication in which the article was published, and how often it was cited in other scientific literature.” Research has shown that Google Scholar gives particularly heavy weight to the number of citations and words included in a document's title. As a result, the first search results often contain highly cited articles.
Limitations and criticism
Some users consider Google Scholar to be comparable in quality and usefulness to commercial databases, although it user interface(UI) is still in beta.
Significant Google problem Scholar is lacking data on its coverage. Some publishers do not allow it to index their journals. Elsevier journals were not included in the index until mid-2007, when Elsevier made most of its content on ScienceDirect available to Google Scholar in Google web search. As of February 2008, the most recent years from the Journals of the American Chemical Society are still missing. Google Scholar does not publish a crawl list of scientific journals. Its update frequency is also unknown. However, it provides easy access to published articles without the difficulties encountered in some of the most expensive commercial databases.
Notes
- Hughes, Tracey (December 2006) “An interview with Anurag Acharya, Google Scholar lead engineer” Google Librarian Central
- Assisi, Francis C. (3 January 2005) "Anurag Acharya Helped Google's Scholarly Leap" INDOlink
- Barbara Quint: Changes at Google Scholar: A Conversation With Anurag Acharya Information Today, August 27, 2007
- 20 Services Google Thoughts Are More Important Than Google Scholar - Alexis Madrigal - Technology - The Atlantic
- Google Scholar Library Links
- Vine, Rita (January 2006). Google Scholar. Journal of the Medical Library Association 94 (1): 97–9.
- (unavailable link)
- About Google Scholar. Scholar.google.com. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
- Google Scholar Help
- Official Google Blog: Exploring the scholarly neighborhood
- Jöran Beel and Bela Gipp. Google Scholar's Ranking Algorithm: An Introductory Overview. In Birger Larsen and Jacqueline Leta, editors, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics (ISSI’09), volume 1, pages 230-241, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), July 2009. International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics. ISSN 2175-1935.
- Jöran Beel and Bela Gipp. Google Scholar's Ranking Algorithm: The Impact of Citation Counts (An Empirical Study). In André Flory and Martine Collard, editors, Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS’09), pages 439-446, Fez (Morocco), April 2009. IEEE. doi:10.1109/RCIS.2009.5089308. ISBN 978-1-4244-2865-6.
- Bauer, Kathleen, Bakkalbasi, Nisa (September 2005) “An Examination of Citation Counts in a New Scholarly Communication Environment” D-Lib Magazine, Volume 11, No. 9
- Peter Brantley: Science Directly into Google O'Reilly Radar, July 3, 2007
Links
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See what "Google Scholar" is in other dictionaries: Google Scholar
See what "Google Scholar" is in other dictionaries:- URL http://scholar.google.com Description Service de recherche d articles scientifiques Commercial … Wikipédia en Français
- (abreviado GS) es un buscador de Google especializado en artículos de revistas científicas, enfocado en el mundo académico, y soportado por una base de datos disponible libremente en Internet que almacena un amplio conjunto de trabajos de… … Wikipedia Español Google scholar
See what "Google Scholar" is in other dictionaries:- Logo de Google Scholar URL http://scholar.google.com/ Description Moteur de recherche spécialisé (recherche d articles scientifiques … Wikipédia en Français
Story
Google Scholar arose from a discussion between Alex Verstak and Anurag Acharya, both of whom then worked on building Google's core web index.
In 2006, in response to the release of Microsoft's Windows Live Academic Search, a potential competitor to Google Scholar, it introduced citation import functionality using bibliographic managers (such as RefWorks, RefMan, EndNote, and BibTeX). Similar capabilities are also implemented in other search engines such as CiteSeer and Scirus.
In 2007, Acharya announced that Google Scholar had begun a program to digitize and host journal articles under an agreement with publishers, separate from Google Books, whose scans of old journals do not include the metadata needed to find specific articles in specific fields.
Features and Specifications
Google Scholar allows users to search for digital or physical copies of articles, whether online or in libraries. "Scientific" search results are generated using links from "full-text journal articles, technical reports, preprints, dissertations, books and other documents, including selected web pages that are considered "scientific." Because most of Google's scientific search results are direct links for commercial journal articles, most users will only be able to access a short abstract of the article, as well as a small amount of important information about the article, and may have to pay to access the full article Google Scholar is as easy to use as a regular Google web search. , especially using "Advanced Search", which can automatically narrow search results to specific journals or articles. The most significant keyword search results will be listed first, in order of the author's ranking, the number of citations that are associated with it, and their relationship to it. other scientific literature, and also the publication rating of the journal in which it was published.
Through its "cited in" feature, Google Scholar provides access to abstracts of articles that cite the article being reviewed. It is this function, in particular, that provides a citation index previously available only in Scopus and Web of Knowledge. With its Related Articles feature, Google Scholar presents a list of closely related articles, ranked primarily by how similar the articles are to the original result, but also by the importance of each article.
As of March 2011, Google Scholar is not yet available for the Google AJAX API.
Ranking algorithm
While most academic databases and search engines allow users to select one of the factors (such as relevance, number of citations, or publication date) to rank results, Google Scholar ranks results using a combined ranking algorithm that operates as "researchers do, given the full the text of each article, the author, the publication in which the article was published, and how often it was cited in other scientific literature.” Research has shown that Google Scholar gives particularly high weight to the number of citations and words included in the title of a document. As a result, the first search results often contain highly cited articles.
Limitations and criticism
Some users find Google Scholar comparable in quality and usefulness to commercial databases, although its user interface (UI) is still in beta.
A significant problem with Google Scholar is the lack of data on its coverage. Some publishers do not allow it to index their journals. Elsevier journals were not included in the index until mid-2007, when Elsevier made most of its content on ScienceDirect available to Google Scholar in Google Web Search. As of February 2008, the most recent years from the Journals of the American Chemical Society are still missing. Google Scholar does not publish crawl lists of scientific journals. Its update frequency is also unknown. However, it provides easy access to published articles without the difficulties encountered in some of the most expensive commercial databases.
Notes
- Hughes, Tracey (December 2006) “An interview with Anurag Acharya, Google Scholar lead engineer” Google Librarian Central
- Assisi, Francis C. (3 January 2005) "Anurag Acharya Helped Google's Scholarly Leap" INDOlink
- Barbara Quint: Changes at Google Scholar: A Conversation With Anurag Acharya Information Today, August 27, 2007
- 20 Services Google Thoughts Are More Important Than Google Scholar - Alexis Madrigal - Technology - The Atlantic
- Google Scholar Library Links
- Vine, Rita (January 2006). Google Scholar. Journal of the Medical Library Association 94 (1): 97–9.
- (unavailable link)
- About Google Scholar. Scholar.google.com. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
- Google Scholar Help
- Official Google Blog: Exploring the scholarly neighborhood
- Jöran Beel and Bela Gipp. Google Scholar's Ranking Algorithm: An Introductory Overview. In Birger Larsen and Jacqueline Leta, editors, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics (ISSI’09), volume 1, pages 230-241, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), July 2009. International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics. ISSN 2175-1935.
- Jöran Beel and Bela Gipp. Google Scholar's Ranking Algorithm: The Impact of Citation Counts (An Empirical Study). In André Flory and Martine Collard, editors, Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS’09), pages 439-446, Fez (Morocco), April 2009. IEEE. doi:10.1109/RCIS.2009.5089308. ISBN 978-1-4244-2865-6.
- Bauer, Kathleen, Bakkalbasi, Nisa (September 2005) “An Examination of Citation Counts in a New Scholarly Communication Environment” D-Lib Magazine, Volume 11, No. 9
- Peter Brantley: Science Directly into Google O'Reilly Radar, July 3, 2007
Links
| Google Inc. | |
|---|---|
| Advertising | |
| Communications | |
| BY | |
| Platforms | |
| Under development tools |
|
| Publication | |
| Search (PageRank, manuals) |
|
| Thematic projects | |
| see also | |
Any scientific article is based on previously conducted research, so when writing scientific works Often there is a need to access electronic resources - libraries of scientific articles. Google Scholar (Google Academy), Cyberleninka (Kiberleninka) and other systems allow you to search for official scientific publications, without which any scientist is doomed to endlessly “reinvent the wheel.”
Where to find scientific articles
Searching for scientific articles is a process that requires care. There is a lot of unreliable information on the Internet, the use of which can easily distort the results of any study. Electronic resources provide enormous opportunities to conveniently find the information you need.
Let's figure out where and how to look for scientific articles on the Internet. There are certain sites for searching scientific papers - they are called scientific electronic libraries, catalogs of scientific articles or archives of scientific articles.
Cyberleninka
Cyberleninka is a free Internet portal containing about one million officially published works by scientists, allowing you to search for scientific articles in all areas from psychology to jurisprudence. The user-friendly interface of Cyberleninka allows you to read and search online full-text scientific works. It has an extensive rubricator by areas of activity. Cyberleninka is accessible from any mobile application. Also requires registration. A small drawback of Cyberleninka is the inability to download the text of the article directly from the resource.
Google academy
Google Scholar is a Russified portal for searching officially published articles from scientific journals and various publications. This free service, where you can search and read full-text foreign and Russian articles for free. In addition, dissertations, monographs and other works from various branches of science are available on Google Scholar. Some works are in the restricted access of Google Academy. Access to such publications is possible for a fee. Google has links to citations.
A small drawback of Google Academy is the abundance of pseudoscientific articles.
However, if you have a good command of the subject under study, you will be able to understand the quality of the works posted on the specified service. You can also register as an author and publish your work, as well as track citations. You can also download some articles in PDF format.
eLibrary
This service is an extensive domestic database of articles, numbering more than 37 thousand scientific publications and about 15 million scientific papers. In 2005, the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) project was created on the eLybrary platform - a universal citation database similar to Scopus.
The database is available after registration. Registered users can not only search for articles, but also receive a subscription service to electronic publications in various branches of science.
On the portal you can search through the catalog of authors and journals, and use the thematic rubricator.
The library contains articles from Russian and foreign journals, which can be found in the public domain online.
There is a service for creating collections of works on a specific topic, for example, in the field of law, economics, medicine, psychology. Citation links are provided.
Scientific electronic library Scholar.ru
An extensive database of not only literature, but also abstracts and dissertations of scientists. It has a catalog of works by title, author data, and areas of activity. The advantage of the library is the ability to download the texts of articles from journals. In addition, it is possible to set up a subscription to new arrivals on topics that interest you - law, medicine, economics and other sciences.
Search for scientific articles using ScienceResearch.com
SciencereSearch is a service for a worldwide search for articles in major scientific journals and publishers, as well as archives of scientific literature. The system does not require registration. There are descriptions of abstracts and dissertations.
The search is carried out by article title, author data or keywords.
In journals on pedagogy
The SciencereSearch search engine will help you find articles on pedagogy, both in Russian and in most foreign languages world (English, German).
The service contains English-language instructions for use translated into Russian.
The interface is convenient - the data is entered into a single search line, after clicking the search button, a list of articles of interest is displayed, including in psychological areas related to pedagogy.
In psychology journals
The site has an advanced search form; in the rubricator you can find a list of psychological areas of interest. The archive contains many English-language articles from psychology journals.
In defectology journals
To search for articles from defectology journals, you need to go to the “Health and Medicine” section, or enter the terms of interest in the “advanced search” option. The keywords you enter can be found in the text of the article or in the title.
In economics journals
To search for articles from a journal on economics, you also need to use the rubricator.
Strength service is automatic translation English-language site into Russian, as well as the ability to download articles. The search engine allows you to find a lot of articles by foreign authors
The search engine provides a range of dates for publications that interest you. When you enter accurate data, the search engine returns a list of more accurate results.
In medical journals
The site contains many foreign articles on medicine, automatically translated into Russian. These articles can be read online or downloaded from the resource. The search engine produces a list of interesting publications by foreign authors.
Where to find scientific articles in English
English articles can be found using the SciencereSearch service described by us.
Google Scholar or Google Academy is a free search engine for full texts of scientific publications of all formats and disciplines. The project was launched in November 2004. To date this system is an indispensable tool for any researcher.
The Google Scholar repository contains information from a variety of peer-reviewed online journals from the largest scientific publishing houses in Europe, America and Russia, archives of preprints, publications on the websites of universities, scientific societies and other scientific organizations. The system searches across a variety of disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and judicial opinions from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities and other websites. Google Scholar searches scientific research from all over the world, including articles in Russian.
Google Scholar's advertising slogan - "standing on the shoulders of giants" - is taken from the well-known statement of Isaac Newton, "If I have seen further than others, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants," as a sign of respect to scientists who have made disproportionate contributions to the development of science in the world. over the centuries and laid the basis for modern discoveries and achievements.
In its functionality, Google Scholar is similar to such specialized scientific search engines, electronic archives, tools for searching articles and links, such as Scirus, Science Research Portal, Windows Live Academic, Infotrieve - artical finder, CiteSeerX ResearchIndex, Scientopica and GetCITED. What is also important is that it allows you to work for free, unlike similar sites that provide access to publications after a paid subscription, for example, Scopus and Web of Science.
You can select following features Google Scholar:
- searching for scientific literature from any place convenient for you;
- allows you to calculate the publication citation index and find works, citations, authors and articles containing links to those that have already been found;
- the ability to search for the full text of a document both online and through libraries;
- view the latest news and events in any field of research;
- It is possible to create a profile of a public author with links to your publications.
So, let's take a closer look at the available functions of this search engine.
1. Google Scholar Search
The search for a full-text document is carried out not only among publications available online, but also in libraries or paid resources. However, some publishers do not allow the Academy to index their journals.
Search results are ranked by relevance. In accordance with this algorithm, full-text documents are included in the statistics, taking into account the rating of the author or publication that published it and the number of citations from the publication. Thus, the most popular articles are displayed in the first links.
Here you can sort documents by date and citation.
There is also an advanced search that allows you to sort publications by a specific word/phrase, title, author/edition, for a specific period.
2. Quoting and linking
To use this feature, you must create a public Google Scholar profile, complete it, and upload relevant publications. Then, when you search for your name in a search engine, your downloaded publications will appear. Perhaps this will help you make useful contacts with colleagues studying the same issues around the world.
This service will quickly and easily find your articles, regardless of their number and the presence of co-authors.
It is possible to add not only single, but also groups of articles. Citation metrics are calculated and updated automatically as the service discovers new citations of your work on the Internet.
It should be borne in mind that the system does not distinguish between namesakes and, on the contrary, treats identical links received from different/mirror servers as different, in the same way as different versions of links to the same work. Therefore, significant expenditures of effort and time are required for additional processing of the results of citation determination.
When creating a reference, you will have the opportunity to choose one of the international or Russian standards for the design of bibliographic references.
3. Availability of a webmaster guide
This documentation describes the technology for indexing websites with scientific articles Google Scholar. It is written for webmasters who would like to have their documents included in the Academy search results.
Detailed Technical information It will also be useful for individual authors who have the opportunity to publish work on their website and add a link to it on the Google Scholar publication page.
This service can increase the global relevance and accessibility of content by working with scientific publishers to index peer-reviewed papers, dissertations, preprints, abstracts and technical reports from all areas of research to make them available on Google and Google Scholar "
4. Metrics or Indicators
This section makes it possible to quickly assess the availability and significance of recent articles in scientific publications, as well as analyze the relevance of the topics for the author.
Here you can view the TOP 100 publications in several languages, ordered by their five-year h-index and h-median. H5-index - Hirsch index for articles published over the last 5 full years. The H5-median is the median of the number of citations of publications that are included in the h5-index.
There is also the opportunity to study publications in specific scientific fields. To do this, you simply need to select the area of research that interests you. Here you can select a subcategory for this area.
As of today, working with categories and subcategories is only available for English publications.
5. Library
Google Scholar uses information about electronic library resources to create item-by-item links to library servers in search results. Using the created database, the user can find the book he needs in the library closest to him.
The mission of Google Scholar is to collect scientific information from around the world in one resource and organize its universality, accessibility and usefulness.
The problem of searching and collecting information is one of the most important problems when writing a scientific publication. Currently, the problem of having too much information that is not reliable, high-quality and relevant is relevant.
Thus, the relevance of the problem is determined by the contradiction between the large flows of information circulating in modern world and the inability to quickly and efficiently search for it on the Internet.
When searching the Internet, two components are important - completeness and accuracy. Usually this is all called in one word - relevance, that is, the correspondence of the answer to the question. Important indicators are the coverage and depth of the search engine, crawl speed and relevance of links (the speed at which information is updated in this database), search quality (the closer to the top of the list the document you need is, the better the relevance works).
The scientific search engine Google Scholar is a resource that can solve the problem of finding information and has the ability to quickly and accurately sort it. Due to its expanded functionality, it allows you to find up-to-date, complete and reliable information in any field of research with minimum cost time. According to the creators, Google Scholar allows you to identify the most relevant scientific research from the entire body of work carried out in the world.
The features of this scientific search system can leave a very clear imprint on the processes of intellectual competition and even lead to certain changes in the general nature of scientific results and ideas that survive in the competitive struggle and determine the future of science.
This opportunity has invaluable benefits for the development of scientific research. Since, on the basis of the information obtained, the author can fully work on the originality and novelty of scientific research.
ONLINE Scientific Journal "Child and Society"
Publisher: International center for the childhood and education (ICCE)
Online ISSN: 2410-2644
Search engine Google system has created a special tool “Google Scholar” for searching scientific and educational literature scholar.google.com, which allows you to search for peer-reviewed articles, dissertations, books and other scientific publications on various sites, from personal sites to large international repositories (storages) and databases publications.
Create this profile first and then use the export button to transfer all the data to other profiles.
Google Scholar not only searches for scientific publications, but also sorts them, assigns them to individual authors, and provides them (the authors) with a service to manage their profile. This service is called “Google Scholar Citations” (GSC for short) or in Russian “Google Scholar Bibliographical Links” or “Google Scholar Author Profile”. You can access this service by opening the Google Scholar page scholar.google.com on the Internet and clicking on the “My Quotes” link (for more details, see the instructions).
Why do you need a Google Scholar Citations profile?
First of all, it is needed by the scientist himself (teacher, researcher). The GSC profile performs several important and convenient functions:
- Systematization of all publishing activity, the broadest of all existing services. Scopus, webscience or RSCI (e-library) collect information about publications only according to a strictly regulated list of publications. Most Russian-language journals and collections of conference proceedings are not included in these databases. Google Scholar indexes all university websites and university repositories, so almost all works are automatically included in the GSC profile.
- Convenient work with the list of publications. You yourself determine the articles of which you are the author, you can edit (clarify) their descriptions, add and delete works.
- When other scientists search Google Scholar, they will be able to see more than just one of your publications. With a GCS profile configured, your last name in the publication description turns into a link, following which you can see the entire list of your works, see the most interesting (most cited), see new works
- Information about scientometric parameters such as Citation Statistics, h-index, i10-index.
- Automatic notification when new links to your publications appear (usually such confirmation comes 1–14 days after the publication of a new work on the Internet, and the publication itself may be located in a closed database).
- Automatic notification when new publications appear.
- Export a list of publications in BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan formats. These formats are understood by researchgate.net and analog systems, personal accounts of scientometric systems. By organizing the list of publications once, you will always have an up-to-date list, and using BiBTeX you can work with it to design new publications in LaTeX format.
- The international ranking Webometrics Ranking World Universities uses the scientometric parameter “Citation Statistics” of the nine most cited university scientists as one of the ranking parameters. You can view this list for BSU by following this link
