Radioelectronics. Rectifier devices of the "VSA" type. Charging device. Radio electronics Rectifier VSA 5a circuit diagram

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In this article I present two circuits of the VSA-5K rectifier since none of the above is complete. So on the first there is no shunt resistor Rш1 - 75ШСМ3-20-05 on which the voltage drop occurs for the operation of the ammeter. Another diagram shows a zener diode, but does not show the autotransformer. In general, the schemes complement each other. My BCA 5K rectifier from 1982 at least does not fit into any.

The VSA-5K rectifier device is designed for charging batteries, and can also be used as a source direct current. The rectifier smoothly regulates the output voltage from 0 to 65 V. In the designation of these units, the first letters BC indicate a selenium rectifier unit; VU is a rectifying device, the third letter characterizes the purpose of the device, for example, C is a stabilized rectifying unit, A is a device intended for charging batteries. The numbers in the fractional designation of VSS and VU units indicate voltage (numerator) and current (denominator). In BCA devices, the number indicates the model number. For example, VSS 36/60 is a stabilized selenium rectifier with a voltage of 36 V and a current of 60 A, VSA-5 is a selenium battery rectifier, model No. 5.

CHARACTERISTIC

Main parameters of VSA-5K

• Power supply – 127/220 volts, 50 hertz;
• Rectified voltage – from 0 to 65 volts;
• Rectified current – ​​up to 12 amperes;
• Weight – 24 kg;
• Technical specifications – 0.321.058 TU.

DEVICE

Schematic diagram The VSA-5k rectifier consists of a primary winding that can be powered from an alternating current network of 127 or 220 V, and the secondary winding of the step-down transformer is designed for voltages of 35 and 64 V. Autotransformer 4 is connected to the secondary winding of transformer 5 and serves to regulate the charge current; rectifier bridge 3, network switch 1; rectified current stage switch 2.

Rectifier VSA 5k circuit

1. Purpose of the product .

1.1. The rectifier VSA-5K 65V 12A U3 is designed for charging batteries with constant stabilized current or voltage.
The rectifier can also be used as a source of constant stabilized current or voltage.
1.2. Operating conditions for climatic version U category 3
GOST 15150-69:
ambient temperature from – 40° C to + 40° C;
relative air humidity up to 80% at a temperature of +15° C (average annual value).
The rectifier is also suitable for operation in conditions standardized for the UHL version of placement category 4 GOST 15150-69.
1.3. Limit operating conditions:
ambient temperature from - 50° C to + 45° C;
relative ambient humidity up to 98% at a temperature of + 25° C.

2. Technical data .
2.1. The rectifier is powered from an alternating current network with a voltage of (220±22)V with a frequency of (50±1.25)Hz.
2.2. Weekend electrical parameters rectifier when operating on an active load:
- maximum rectified current, A not more than 12
- output voltage regulation range, V from 0 to (65±2)
Note. Rectified voltage when the rectifier operates at battery may increase by (10÷15)%.
2.3. Rectifier weight, no more than 28 kg.
2.4. Overall dimensions, no more, mm – 365×275×318.

3. Completeness .
3.1. The package includes:
Rectifier, pcs. - 1
Operating manual, passport, pcs. - 1

4. Design and operation of the product.
4.1. The supporting structure of the rectifier is a chassis on which a transformer, a choke, a cooling radiator with thyristors, and a circuit breaker in the alternating current circuit (input voltage) are mounted.
A front panel is attached to the chassis, on which are located: an ammeter and a voltmeter in the DC circuit; lamp - rectifier switch-on indicator; knob for adjusting rectified current or voltage; terminals “+” and “―” for connecting the load (battery); stabilization mode selection button (current, voltage); LEDs signaling emergency mode and operating mode; control board.
4.2. The rectifier provides smooth adjustment of the rectified current or voltage. The supply voltage is turned on by the automatic switch QF1.
4.3. The 220V network voltage is reduced using power transformer TV1. The alternating current is rectified and regulated using thyristors VS1, VS2. Thyristor VS3 works as a flyback diode.
4.4. To control the moment of switching on the power thyristors, a pulse-phase control system with current and voltage feedback is used. The pulse-phase control system is organized on the ATmega8 (DD1) microcontroller, which measures the reference voltage, in accordance with which the unlocking phase of the power thyristors is set, and issues pulses to unlock the thyristors VS1... VS3. In addition, the microcontroller measures current and voltage feedback voltages, maintaining stable either the output current or output voltage, depending on the selected stabilization mode.
4.5. The reference voltage is set using potentiometer R24 ​​“Adjustment” and is supplied to the input of the analog-to-digital converter ADC2 of the microcontroller DD1 (pin 25).
4.6. To ensure current stabilization, voltage is removed from the shunt Rsh feedback, proportional to the output current, and is supplied to the amplifier DA3 and then to the input of the analog-to-digital converter ADC0 of the microcontroller DD1 (pin 23). Using trimming resistor R9, the value of the maximum output current is set.
4.7. In the output voltage stabilization mode, the feedback voltage from the “+” terminal of the rectifier is supplied to the divider R17, R18 and R20, from which it goes to the ADC input of the microcontroller ADC1 (pin 24). Trimmer resistor R20 sets the value of the maximum rectified voltage. If the load is too large, the rectifier begins to limit the output current to 12A, and the HL3 “Alarm” LED lights up.
4.8. To switch stabilization modes, use the SB1 button. If you press and release the SB1 button, the LED indicators HL4 “Stab U” (voltage) and HL5 “Stab I” (current) switch, and then within 1 second the stabilization modes.
4.9. Transistor VT1 contains a device for recognizing the polarity of the battery. If switched on incorrectly, the HL3 “Alarm” LED starts blinking.
4.10. The pulse-phase control system is powered from transformer TV2. Microcontroller DD1 is powered by a stabilized voltage of +5V obtained from voltage stabilizer DA2. LED HL2 - indicator of +5V voltage switching on. The operational amplifier DA3 is powered by a stabilized voltage of 9V (voltage stabilizer DA1).
4.11. The pulse-phase control system is synchronized from the supply network. The synchronization voltage is supplied from transformer TV2 to pins 10 and 11 of DD1 through resistors R2, R3.
4.12. Pulses are taken from pins 31 and 32 of microcontroller DD1 to unlock the thyristors, and the pulses at one output are shifted relative to the other by half a period. Next, the unlocking pulses are fed through optocouplers VL1, VL2 to current amplifiers assembled on transistors VT2, VT3, which ensure the switching on of power thyristors VS1, VS2.
4.13. To ensure the operation of inductor L2 as a reverse diode, a thyristor VS3 is included in the load circuit, which is unlocked by the controller through the optocoupler VL3 and the current amplifier on the transistor VT4.
4.14. The rectifier provides protection against short circuit currents using circuit breaker QF1, which also serves as a switch.
Lamp HL1 – rectifier switch-on indicator.
Inductor L2 smoothes the output current.
Attention!
The rectifier only works when the load is connected!

5. Operating procedure
5.1. Preparing and charging the battery is carried out in accordance with the instructions for use and care of batteries with the following additional requirements:
a) making sure that the rectifier is disconnected from the network, connect the battery, strictly observing the polarity of the battery and rectifier terminals (plus to plus, and minus to minus);
Changing the connection polarity is prohibited!
b) check with a voltmeter that the connection is correct and that the battery being charged is in good condition; if a connection error does occur, after turning on the rectifier, the “Alarm” LED will start blinking;
c) turn the regulator knob to the minimum value of current or voltage by rotating the regulator knob;
d) turn on the rectifier;
e) set the required value of current or voltage;
e) switching between current or voltage stabilization modes is done by pressing the SB1 button once;
g) upon completion of work, disconnect the rectifier from the network and load.
5.2. If rectifiers are operated at ambient temperatures above 35°C, it is necessary to reduce the load on the rectifier by 20 percent.

In this article I present two circuits of the VSA-5K rectifier since none of the above is complete. So on the first there is no shunt resistor Rш1 - 75ШСМ3-20-05 on which the voltage drop occurs for the operation of the ammeter. Another diagram shows a zener diode, but does not show the autotransformer. In general, the schemes complement each other. My BCA 5K rectifier from 1982 at least does not fit into any. Content

• 1 PURPOSE
• 2 CHARACTERISTICS
• 3 DEVICE

PURPOSE The rectifier device VSA-5K is intended for charging batteries, and can also be used as a source of direct current. The rectifier smoothly regulates the output voltage from 0 to 65 V.

403 taf access is denied

C is a stabilized rectifier unit, A is a device designed to charge batteries. The numbers in the fractional designation of VSS and VU units indicate voltage (numerator) and current (denominator).
In BCA devices, the number indicates the model number. For example, VSS 36/60 is a stabilized selenium rectifier with a voltage of 36 V and a current of 60 A, VSA-5 is a selenium battery rectifier, model No. 5. CHARACTERISTICS Main parameters of VSA-5K

• Power supply – 127/220 volts, 50 hertz;
• Rectified voltage – from 0 to 65 volts;
• Rectified current – ​​up to 12 amperes;
• Weight – 24 kg;
• Technical specifications – 0.321.058 TU.

DEVICE The schematic diagram of the VSA-5k rectifier consists of a primary winding, which can be powered from an alternating current network of 127 or 220 V, and the secondary winding of a step-down transformer is designed for voltages of 35 and 64 V.

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If you press and release the SB1 button, the LED indicators HL4 “Stab U” (voltage) and HL5 “Stab I” (current) switch, and then within 1 second the stabilization modes. 4.9. Transistor VT1 contains a device for recognizing the polarity of the battery.

If switched on incorrectly, the HL3 “Alarm” LED starts blinking. 4.10. The pulse-phase control system is powered from transformer TV2.

Microcontroller DD1 is powered by a stabilized voltage of +5V obtained from voltage stabilizer DA2. LED HL2 is a +5V voltage indicator. The operational amplifier DA3 is powered by a stabilized voltage of 9V (voltage stabilizer DA1).4.11.

Attention

The pulse-phase control system is synchronized from the supply network. The synchronization voltage is supplied from transformer TV2 to pins 10 and 11 of DD1 through resistors R2, R3.4.12.

Start-charger VSA-5A (rectifier)

Info

The transition from one stage to another is made by switch SA1, and voltage regulation within each stage is carried out by rotating the knob voltage regulator. To protect silicon diodes from overvoltages that occur during switching, the circuit includes a VZ1 limiter.

Instructions for the placement and installation of rectifier devices of the BCA type. To operate, rectifiers must be located in dry, heated, illuminated rooms. In the room where the rectifiers are located, acidic, alkaline and other aggressive vapors are not allowed.
Rectifiers should not be placed near objects that emit heat (heating appliances, very hot machines, etc.). The rectifier installed for operation must have free air access.

After forming a group, the batteries are connected to a charger for charging (Figure 2.41 and 2.42). During charging, the battery voltage, density and temperature of the electrolyte are periodically checked.

If the electrolyte temperature reaches + 45 °C, the charging current is reduced by half or the charge is interrupted for the time necessary to reduce the electrolyte temperature to + 30 °C. The batteries are charged until abundant gas evolution occurs in all battery batteries.

If the electrolyte density and voltage remain constant for 2 hours in a row, then this indicates the end of the charge.
The fuse in the AC circuit blows without connecting the load. Short circuit of rectified current terminals to the housing or to each other. Check and eliminate short circuit. Short circuit in the rectifier bridge. Eliminate short circuit. 5. When the load is turned on, the ammeter does not work (in the presence of DC voltage). Open circuit in the load circuit. Check the load circuit. Ammeter fault. Replace the ammeter with a new one. 6. The voltmeter shows low voltage.
Low mains voltage. Check the mains voltage. The diodes have failed. Replace faulty diodes. When installing new diodes to replace failed ones, do not apply forces exceeding 1 kg to the insulated terminal of the diode.
Do not tighten the nuts with a force exceeding 15 kg/cm. Solder the diode with acid-free flux, avoiding contact of molten solder with the diode body.

The electrical installation of the rectifier is made with flexible wire. The rectifier chassis has a screw for connecting the ground wire. The principle of operation of rectifier devices of the BCA type The network voltage is supplied to the primary winding of the step-down transformer T1 through switch SA1 and fuse F1.

Variable adjustable voltage from the secondary winding through the contact brushes of the voltage regulator it is supplied to silicon diodes VD1÷VD4. The rectified voltage is supplied to the output terminals “+” and “-” through switch SA1 and fuse F2. Rectifiers provide smooth regulation of the rectified voltage in two stages: “I” stage from O to 50% and “II” stage from 50% to the nominal value of the rectified voltage, while the overlap between the stages is at least 0.5 volts.

Table 2.9. Electrolyte density standards. Climatic regions Time of year Electrolyte density normalized to 25 ˚C, g/cm3 of charged batteries filled Very cold Winter 1.28 1.30 Summer 1.24 1.26 Cold All year 1.26 1.28 Moderate All year 1.24 1 .26 Hot All year 1.21 1.23 Design of rectifiers of the BCA type device The supporting structure of the rectifier is a chassis on which an adjustable transformer T1, silicon diodes VD1÷VD4, fuse F1 in the AC circuit and F2 in the DC circuit, terminals for connection are mounted AC and load connection, switch SA1. For access to connecting terminals and fuses, there are lockable hatches in the casing.

A front panel is attached to the chassis, on which ammeter PA1 and voltmeter PV1 are located in the DC circuit and lamp HL1, signaling the on state of the rectifier.

In this case, you must be guided by the following: - within each group, the batteries are connected in series, and the groups with each other - in parallel; - batteries are selected into groups that have the same capacity with approximately the same degree of discharge; - the number of batteries connected in series must be such that for each battery of the battery (group) there is a voltage of at least 2.7 V, i.e.: n = U/2.7, where n is the number of batteries connected in series, U is rectified charger voltage. The number of battery groups connected for simultaneous charging depends on the power of the DC source of the charger.

They include such a number of groups that the total charging current in the circuit of all groups of included batteries does not exceed the rated current of the charger.
The rectifier is powered from an alternating current network with a voltage of (220±22)V with a frequency of (50±1.25)Hz.2.2. Output electrical parameters of the rectifier when operating on an active load: - maximum rectified current, A no more than 12 - output voltage regulation range, V from 0 to (65 ± 2) Note.

The rectified voltage when the rectifier operates on the battery can increase by (10÷15)%. 2.3. Rectifier weight, no more than 28 kg.2.4. Overall dimensions, no more, mm – 365×275×318.

3. Completeness.3.1. The delivery set includes: Rectifier, pcs. – 1 Operation manual, passport, pcs. – 1 4. Design and operation of the product.4.1.

Rectifier devices of the BCA type (hereinafter referred to as rectifiers) are designed for charging batteries, as well as for use as sources of direct (rectified) current.

Operating conditions of the rectifier nal devices type "VSA":

Ambient temperature from minus 40 °C to 40 °C;

Relative ambient humidity up to 80% at a temperature of 20 °C.

Rectifiers of the "VSA" type allow operation:

Under vibration conditions in the frequency range from 1 to 80 Hz with acceleration up to 5 g;

After exposure to multiple impacts with acceleration up to 15 g and pulse duration 2÷15 ms.

Limit operating conditions:

Ambient temperature from minus 50 °C to + 45 °C;

Relative ambient humidity up to 98% at a temperature of 25 °C.

Technical data rectifier devices type "VSA"

The output electrical parameters of rectifiers when operating on an active load are given in Table 2.8.

Table Itza 2.8. Output electrical parameters of rectifiers when operating on an active load.

Brand rectifier	Voltage supply network, V	Straightened voltage, V	Straighten force current, A
BSA-1	127 220
VSA-10	110 127 220
VSA-6M	110		12 ÷ 24
VSA-6K	127/220		12 ÷ 24
VSA-5	110	0 ÷ 32	0 ÷ 12
BSA - 5K	127/220	0 ÷ 65	0 ÷ 12
BSA - 111	127	0 ÷ 65	0 ÷ 8
VSA-111K	220	0 ÷ 80	0 ÷ 8

The rectified voltage of rectifiers when working on a battery can increase by 10÷15%.

Figure 2.40. Appearance rectifier devices VSA (with output voltage regulation):
1 - ammeter; 2 - signal light; 3 - output voltage adjustment knob; 4 - voltmeter; 5 - mode switch knob

Figure 2.41. Fundamental electrical diagram rectifier VSA-5K (with output voltage adjustment and one mode switch SA1):

F1, F2 - fuses; HL1 - lamp: PA1 - ammeter; PV1 - voltmeter; Rsh1 - shunt; SA1 - operating mode switch; T1 - transformer; VD1÷VD4 - semiconductor diodes; X1, X2 - pads; X3 - panel; VZ1 - limiter; A B - batteries; Rn - rheostat;

H1, 01, K1 - connection points of the primary windings;
H2. 02, K2 - connection points of the secondary windings.

Figure 2.42. Schematic diagram of the VSA-111K rectifier (with output voltage adjustment and two mode switches SA1, SA2):
F1, F2 - fuses; HL1 - lamp: PA1 - ammeter; PV1 - voltmeter; Rsh1 - shunt; SA1, SA2 - operating mode switches; T1 - transformer; VD1÷VD4 - semiconductor diodes; X1, X2 - pads; X3 - panel; VZ1 - limiter; AB - rechargeable batteries; Rh - rheostat;
H1, 01, K1 - connection points of the primary windings;
H2, 02, K2 - connection points of the secondary windings.

Figure 2.43. Appearance of the rectifier VSA device (without adjusting the output voltage);
1 - ammeter; 2 - signal light; 3 - voltmeter; 4, 5 - mode switch knobs

Externally, the rectifiers differ only in the presence or absence of an output voltage adjustment knob on the front panel and the presence of one or two knobs for switching operating modes (see Figures 2.40 and 2.43).

The most widely used rectifiers are VSA-5 and VSA-111; they are more acceptable for repair shop conditions.

These rectifiers are designed to be powered from a single-phase alternating current network with a voltage of 220 V, frequency 50 and 60 Hz.

The VSA-5K rectifier device allows you to simultaneously charge four batteries of type 6ST-90 (or 6ST-75) or two type 6 ST-190 (or 6ST-182).

Before charging, the battery plugs are removed and the batteries are selected into a group and connected to each other by conductors.

In this case, you must be guided by the following:

Within each group, the batteries are connected in series, and the groups with each other in parallel;

Batteries that have the same capacity with approximately the same degree of discharge are selected into groups;

The number of batteries connected in series must be such that each battery (group) has a voltage of at least 2.7 V, i.e.:

n = U/2.7,

where n - the number of batteries connected in series, U - the rectified voltage of the charger.

The number of battery groups connected for simultaneous charging depends on the power of the DC source of the charger. They include such a number of groups that the total charging current in the circuit of all groups of included batteries does not exceed the rated current of the charger.

After forming a group, the batteries are connected to a charger for charging (Figure 2.41 and 2.42).

During charging, the battery voltage, density and temperature of the electrolyte are periodically checked. If the electrolyte temperature reaches + 45 °C, the charging current is reduced by half or the charge is interrupted for the time necessary to reduce the electrolyte temperature to + 30 °C.

The batteries are charged until abundant gas evolution occurs in all battery batteries. If the electrolyte density and voltage remain constant for 2 hours in a row, then this indicates the end of the charge.

If the electrolyte density at the end of the charge differs from the values ​​​​indicated in table 2.9, or differs by more than 0.01 g/cm 3 in individual batteries, it is necessary to adjust the electrolyte density during continued charging by adding distilled water in cases where the density is higher , or by adding electrolyte with a density of 1.40 g/cm 3, if it is lower.

Table 2.9. Electrolyte density standards.

Climatic districts	Time of the year	Electrolyte density reduced to 25 ˚С, g/cm 3
		poured	charged batteries
Very cold	Winter	1,28	1,30
	Summer	1,24	1,26
Cold	Whole year	1,26	1,28
Moderate	Whole year	1,24	1,26
Hot	Whole year	1,21	1,23

Device in rectifiers of the BCA type device

The supporting structure of the rectifier is a chassis on which an adjustable transformer T1, silicon diodes VD1÷VD4, fuse F1 in the AC circuit and F2 in the DC circuit, terminals for connecting AC current and connecting the load, and switch SA1 are mounted.

For access to connecting terminals and fuses, there are lockable hatches in the casing.

A front panel is attached to the chassis, on which ammeter PA1 and voltmeter PV1 are located in the DC circuit and lamp HL1, signaling the on state of the rectifier.

The electrical installation of the rectifier is made with flexible wire.

The rectifier chassis has a screw for connecting the ground wire.

Operating principle in rectifier devices type VSA

The mains voltage through switch SA1 and fuse F1 is supplied to the primary winding of step-down transformer T1.

Variable regulated voltage from the secondary winding through the contact brushes of the voltage regulator is supplied to silicon diodes VD1÷VD4.

The rectified voltage is supplied to the output terminals “+” and “-” through switch SA1 and fuse F2.

Rectifiers provide smooth regulation of the rectified voltage in two stages: “I” stage from O to 50% and “II” stage from 50% to the nominal value of the rectified voltage, while the overlap between the stages is at least 0.5 volts.

The transition from one stage to another is made by switch SA1, and voltage regulation within each stage is carried out by rotating the voltage regulator knob.

To protect silicon diodes from overvoltages that occur during switching, the circuit includes a VZ1 limiter.

Instructions for placement and installation in rectifier devices type VSA

To operate, rectifiers must be located in dry, heated, illuminated rooms.

In the room where the rectifiers are located, acidic, alkaline and other aggressive vapors are not allowed.

Rectifiers should not be placed near objects that emit heat (heating appliances, very hot machines, etc.).

The rectifier installed for operation must have free air access.

In the room in which rectifiers operate, it must be possible to ground the rectifiers and supply power cables.

Safety instructions

It is prohibited to remove the casing, open hatches or make any repairs while the rectifier is connected to the network.

Before commissioning, the rectifier must be grounded.

Preparing the rectifier devices type VSA for use.

After the rectifiers have been in transit for a long time or stored in a warehouse, the rectifiers must be thoroughly dried, after which they can be switched on to the load.

Before starting operation, it is necessary to carry out an external inspection of the rectifier and ensure its serviceability by testing it under voltage.

Perform the check in the following order:

Familiarize yourself with the location of controls and alarms;

Set the mains switch to the OFF position. ;

Open the side hatches and connect the wires from the AC mains and load to the corresponding terminals of the rectifier;

Ground the rectifier;

Set the switch to the 1st stage and, by rotating the voltage regulator knob, set the maximum voltage and current in the first stage. Then, without returning the voltage regulator to its original position, set the switch to the 2nd stage and, while rotating the regulator knob, monitor the voltmeter readings.

In this case, the rectified voltage at rated current must be no less than the values ​​indicated in the table. 2.8.

Operating procedure of the rectifier devices type VSA

The battery must be prepared for charging in accordance with the instructions for use and care of batteries. Before turning on the battery for charging, check its polarity.

Charge the batteries in the following order:

After making sure that the rectifier is disconnected from the network, connect the battery, strictly observing the polarity of the battery and rectifier terminals (plus to plus and minus to minus);

Check with a voltmeter that the battery being charged is connected correctly and is in good condition;

Turn the regulator knob to minimum voltage;

Turn on the rectifier and charge in accordance with the battery operating instructions;

Upon completion of charging, disconnect the rectifier from the network and load.

Please ensure that during charging the charging current does not exceed 12 amperes for the VSA-5K rectifier and 8 amperes for the VSA-111K rectifier.

If rectifiers are operated at ambient temperatures above 35°C, it is necessary to reduce the load on the rectifier by 20%.

Do not supply AC voltage higher than the rated voltage to the rectifier. It is allowed to increase the network voltage by no more than 10% due to possible fluctuations in the network voltage, but at the same time the rated load must be reduced by no less than 10%.

Weak point sparking is allowed under the contact brushes of an adjustable transformer. If sparking increases, the rectifier should be disconnected from the network, remove the casing and clean the contact surface of the secondary winding of the transformer from accumulated dust, then close the casing and turn on the rectifier.

Keeping the brushes in the same position at rated load is permissible for no more than 3 hours.

Scope and frequency of control and preventive work

Periodically, at least once a month, the rectifiers must be blown with air to remove dust from the cleaned (open) surface of the secondary winding of the transformer and silicon diodes. The accumulation of dust on the bare tracks of the secondary winding can lead to sparking of the brushes moving along it and failure of the rectifier.

Once every 6 months, check the condition of the screw fastenings and nuts.

When forming new batteries and charging alkaline batteries, it is necessary to include an adjustable resistance (rheostat) in the DC circuit to reduce the charging current.

In case of long-term operation of rectifiers at relative air humidity up to 98%, traces of corrosion may appear on the surface of the rectifier; in this case, it is necessary to coat the outside of the fasteners and the rectifier handle with technical petroleum jelly or other anti-corrosion lubricant.

Typical faults and methods for their elimination

Before starting repairs, disconnect the power supply and the load!

Table 2.10. List of the most common or possible faults.

Name of the malfunction, external manifestation and additional symptoms	Probable Cause	Elimination method
1. AC power is connected and the switch is in the ON position. The signal lamp does not light up, the rectifier does not work.	The AC fuse has blown.	Replace the fuse in the AC circuit.
	The electrical contact of the AC terminals is broken.	Check the AC terminal connections.
	The wires leading from the switch to the transformer terminal panel are damaged.	Check for voltage between the transformer panel terminals. If not, find the wire break and repair it.
2. When turned on, the signal lamp does not light up, the rectifier works.	The warning light has burned out.	Change the lamp.
	There is no contact in the warning lamp socket.	Restore contact in the socket.
	The electrical circuit of the lamp is damaged.	Check the lamp power supply circuit.
3. When turned on, the signal lamp lights up, the voltmeter does not show voltage.	The voltmeter circuit is damaged.	Check the voltmeter circuit.
	Voltmeter malfunction.	Check the voltmeter, if a malfunction is detected, replace it.
	The fuse has blown in the DC circuit.	Change the fuse.
	Poor contact of brushes with the cleaned surface of the transformer winding.	Clean the working surface of the transformer winding.
4. The fuse in the AC circuit blows without connecting the load.	Short circuit of rectified current terminals to the housing or to each other.	Check and eliminate short circuit.
	Short circuit in the rectifier bridge.	Eliminate short circuit.
5. When the load is turned on, the ammeter does not work (in the presence of DC voltage).	Open circuit in the load circuit.	Check the load circuit.
	Ammeter fault.	Replace the ammeter with a new one.
6. The voltmeter shows low voltage.	Low mains voltage.	Check the mains voltage.
	The diodes have failed.	Replace faulty diodes.

When installing new diodes to replace failed ones, do not apply forces exceeding 1 kg to the insulated terminal of the diode. Do not tighten the nuts with a force exceeding 15 kg/cm.

Solder the diode with acid-free flux, avoiding contact of molten solder with the diode body. Do not touch the diode body with a heated soldering iron!

When soldering the mounting wire to the diode terminal (minus), the soldering temperature should not exceed 250°C, and the soldering time should not exceed 3 seconds.

Transportation and storage of the rectifier devices type VSA

The room in which rectifiers are stored must be dry, with an ambient temperature of no lower than 10 °C and no higher than 40 °C, with a relative humidity of no more than 80%. The presence of acidic and other aggressive impurities in the air is unacceptable.

Upon receipt of the rectifiers, they must be dried by connecting them to a rated active load for at least 2 hours or placed for drying in a room with a temperature of 35 °C. After drying, you need to resume preservation and store the rectifiers in a dry place.

Rectifier devices of the BCA type are designed for charging batteries with a capacity of up to 120 Ah. (VSA-5K) with constant stabilized current from 0 to 12 A or voltage from 0 to 65 V and up to 240 Ah (VSA-5KM) with constant stabilized current from 0 to 24 A or voltage from 0 to 36 V.
Rectifiers can also be used as sources of constant stabilized current or voltage to power radio devices and equipment.

The devices have manual phase regulation of the rectified output voltage (current) - smooth.

Operating conditions for climatic version for category 3 GOST 15150-69:
ambient temperature from - 40° C to + 40° C;
relative air humidity up to 80% at a temperature of +15° C (average annual value).

The rectifier is also suitable for operation in conditions standardized for the UHL version of placement category 4 GOST 15150-69.

Limit operating conditions:
ambient temperature from - 50° C to + 45° C;
relative ambient humidity up to 98% at a temperature of + 25° C.

Rectifiers with other consumer characteristics can be manufactured to order: VSA-5ku-80v-8A; VSA5M- 12V-30A, VSA 5M- 12V-40A

Technical characteristics of the charger VSA-5K-U3, VSA-5KM-U3

Name	VSA-5K	VSA-5KM
Supply voltage	220±22V	220±22V
Output voltage regulation range	from 0 V to (65±2) V with load current stabilization 12A	from 0 V to (36±2) V with stabilized load current 24A
Range of regulation of rectified current when stabilizing the output voltage, no more	0-12A	0-24A
Overall dimensions, no more, mm	365×275×318	365×275×318
Weight, no more	27 kg	27 kg

Design and principle of operation of the rectifier

• The supporting structure of the rectifier is a chassis on which a transformer, thyristors, a cooling radiator, and circuit breakers in the AC circuit (input voltage) and in the DC circuit (output voltage) are mounted. A front panel is attached to the chassis, on which an ammeter and a voltmeter are located in the DC circuit; indicator lamp for turning on the rectifier; knob for adjusting rectified current or voltage; terminal “+” and “―” for connecting the load (battery; button for selecting stabilization mode (current, voltage); LEDs signaling emergency mode and operating mode; control board.
• The rectifier provides smooth adjustment of the rectified current or voltage. The supply voltage is turned on by automatic switches, and the voltage or current is regulated by rotating one knob of the regulator.
• The rectifier is provided with protection against short-circuit currents using a circuit breaker, which also serves as a switch.

ATTENTION!

To operate, the rectifier is installed in dry, heated rooms; the presence of acidic, alkaline and other aggressive vapors is unacceptable. The straightener should not be placed near objects that radiate heat. The rectifier installed for operation must have free air access. After the rectifiers have been in transit for a long time or stored in a warehouse, dry the rectifier thoroughly. Before starting operation, it is necessary to carry out an external inspection of the rectifier and ensure its serviceability by testing it under voltage.

The rectified voltage when the rectifier operates on the battery can increase by (10-15%).

The rectifier only works when the load is connected!

If rectifiers are operated at ambient temperatures above 35°C, it is necessary to reduce the load on the rectifier by 20 percent.

The product lifespan before the first average repair is at least 7,000 hours over a service life of 10 years, including a shelf life of 2 years in the manufacturer's packaging in warehouses.
The indicated resources, service and storage periods are valid subject to the requirements of the current operational documentation.
Guarantee period- 1 year from the date of commencement of operation of the rectifier.
Warranty repairs are carried out by the manufacturer.