Presentation on the topic of printers and their types. Printers and their operating features presentation for a lesson on the topic. Advantages and disadvantages of dot matrix printers
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The main structural elements of the toner compartment (Fig. 1.17.): 1 - Magnetic roller (Magnetic Developer Roller, Mag Roller, Developer Roller). It is a metal tube, inside of which there is a stationary magnetic core. The toner is attracted to the magnetic roller, which, before being supplied to the drum, acquires a negative charge under the influence of direct or alternating voltage. 2 - “Doctor” (Doctor Blade, Metering Blade). Provides uniform distribution of a thin layer of toner on the magnetic roller. Structurally, it is made in the form of a metal frame (stamping) with a flexible plate (blade) at the end. 3 - Mag Roller Sealing Blade. A thin plate similar in function to the Recovery Blade. Covers the area between the magnetic roller and the toner supply compartment. The Mag Roller Sealing Blade allows toner remaining on the magnetic roller to flow into the compartment, preventing toner from leaking backwards. 4 - Toner Reservoir. Inside it is the “working” toner, which will be transferred to the paper during the printing process. In addition, a toner activator (Toner Agitator Bar) is built into the hopper - a wire frame designed for mixing toner. The main structural elements of the toner compartment (Fig. 1.17.): 1 - Magnetic roller (Magnetic Developer Roller, Mag Roller, Developer Roller). It is a metal tube, inside of which there is a stationary magnetic core. The toner is attracted to the magnetic roller, which, before being supplied to the drum, acquires a negative charge under the influence of direct or alternating voltage. 2 - “Doctor” (Doctor Blade, Metering Blade). Provides uniform distribution of a thin layer of toner on the magnetic roller. Structurally, it is made in the form of a metal frame (stamping) with a flexible plate (blade) at the end. 3 - Mag Roller Sealing Blade. A thin plate similar in function to the Recovery Blade. Covers the area between the magnetic roller and the toner supply compartment. The Mag Roller Sealing Blade allows toner remaining on the magnetic roller to flow into the compartment, preventing toner from leaking backwards. 4 - Toner Reservoir. Inside it is the “working” toner, which will be transferred to the paper during the printing process. In addition, a toner activator (Toner Agitator Bar) is built into the hopper - a wire frame designed for mixing toner.
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5. Capacity for “working off”. This is where “bad” toner is collected, that is, particles that have not transferred from the photo roller to the paper, dust, etc. If you disassemble the empty cartridge, the container (1) will be empty, and the container (5) will contain a noticeable amount of seductively black powder. But this is not toner, this is “working off”! If you pour this crap into the toner hopper (1) and insert such a miracle into the printer, then the printer... will print, but very poorly, dirty, and the further it goes, the worse, because most of the powder will get from the cartridge into the printer mechanism , which will very soon lead to the need for complete cleaning and prevention. Or it will completely disable it. 5. Capacity for “working off”. This is where “bad” toner is collected, that is, particles that have not transferred from the photo roller to the paper, dust, etc. If you disassemble the empty cartridge, the container (1) will be empty, and the container (5) will contain a noticeable amount of seductively black powder. But this is not toner, this is “working off”! If you pour this crap into the toner hopper (1) and insert such a miracle into the printer, then the printer... will print, but very poorly, dirty, and the further it goes, the worse, because most of the powder will get from the cartridge into the printer mechanism , which will very soon lead to the need for complete cleaning and prevention. Or it will completely disable it. 6. Squeegee (knife, blade). With each revolution of the photo roller, it cleans off everything that has stuck to it and has not transferred to the paper. And all this crap ends up in bunker (5). Complete restoration of the cartridge involves replacing both the photo roller and the squeegee, but since... the squeegee is less susceptible to wear, sometimes only the drum is changed. (If the squeegee is well preserved and/or the cartridge is no longer expected good quality printing, this is acceptable.) Which, naturally, should cost less, because although the squeegee itself is not expensive, installing it and adjusting it is a much more time-consuming and precise job than replacing the drum.
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7. Device for fixing the image on paper (fuse, fuser, “stove”) This unit is located in the printer, not in the cartridge, but its “well-being” depends most of all on the quality of the toner. The upper shaft is hollow metal, covered with thin Teflon, and a tubular heating lamp is located along its axis. The lower shaft is covered with heat-resistant rubber. The paper passes between them, the hot Teflon layer melts the toner, and the image is fixed on the paper. For some reason, bad toner tends to stick to the Teflon, and not to the paper. Gradually, its layer grows, this is noticeable in the spots on the image, and in the future this leads to the destruction of the Teflon layer and the need to change the Teflon shaft. So never, ever print with bad toner! And if this happens, then run a dozen sheets of clean paper through the printer so that the dirt from the roller transfers at least partially to it and quickly switch to normal toner. Either all the dirt will go away gradually, or the drum will have to be cleaned mechanically. The process is delicate. 7. Device for fixing the image on paper (fuse, fuser, “stove”) This unit is located in the printer, not in the cartridge, but its “well-being” depends most of all on the quality of the toner. The upper shaft is hollow metal, covered with thin Teflon, and a tubular heating lamp is located along its axis. The lower shaft is covered with heat-resistant rubber. The paper passes between them, the hot Teflon layer melts the toner, and the image is fixed on the paper. For some reason, bad toner tends to stick to the Teflon, and not to the paper. Gradually, its layer grows, this is noticeable in the spots on the image, and in the future this leads to the destruction of the Teflon layer and the need to change the Teflon shaft. So never, ever print with bad toner! And if this happens, then run a dozen sheets of clean paper through the printer so that the dirt from the roller transfers at least partially to it and quickly switch to normal toner. Either all the dirt will go away gradually, or the drum will have to be cleaned mechanically. The process is delicate.
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A printer is a widespread device for outputting information onto paper; its name is derived from the English verb to print - to print.
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Printers differ primarily in the printing method. Printers can be divided by information output, i.e. by the type of their devices: matrix (needle) inkjet laser
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Matrix printer
The main advantages of dot matrix printers were: There was a cheaper price compared to other types of printers, which were previously practically unavailable. But now dot matrix printers are rarely used. The disadvantages of dot matrix printers are: Slow speed. One page of text was printed within a minute, and a page with a graphic design took up to 4 minutes; Loud printing noise
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Jet printer
Main advantages inkjet printers are: fairly low cost; the ability to print color images and high-quality photo printing; high printing speed; relatively quiet operation; low power consumption. The disadvantages of inkjet printers include: high cost of consumables (cartridges and special paper); vulnerability of copies printed on non-branded paper to light and water; the high cost of one copy is about 25-30 kopecks, excluding the cost of paper.
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Laser printer
Main advantages laser printers: high speed; large volumes of printing; low noise level during operation; resistance of printed copies to the influence of water and light; low cost per copy - about five kopecks per sheet.. Disadvantages of laser printers: the cost of a laser printer is 2 - 5 times higher than the cost of other types of printers. The number of pages that can be printed by a printer in a given time (for example, a month) is limited. high cost of powder and paper.
A printer is a device for outputting information onto paper and transparent films. Depending on the printing technology, printers can be distinguished: matrix, inkjet, laser, LED, etc.
Dot matrix printers- these are printers in which the printing element is a head with 9, 18, or 24 needles, the impact of which through the ink ribbon forms the displayed character on the paper. The print quality of dot matrix printers directly depends on the number of needles in the print head.
Advantages: cheap Consumables, as well as prints on paper, which is important if the text is erased. Roll paper can be used.
The disadvantages of dot matrix printers include noise during operation and relatively slow printing.
Inkjet printers form an image on paper from spots formed when drops of dye hit the paper. The print head sprays up to 256 special inks through nozzles onto the paper.
The print heads can be combined with the ink tank, or they can be separate. In the first case, when the ink runs out, the entire block is replaced. The second contains only an inkwell. Although the print head itself is also a consumable item.
The advantages of inkjet printers include the simplicity and reliability of the mechanical part, and due to this, a relatively low cost.
The main disadvantage, compared to laser printers, is the instability of the resulting resolution, which limits the possibility of their use in black-and-white halftone printing. And also the cost of ink for them. When buying an inkjet printer you need
consider the cost of refilling it with ink.
Laser printers- a laser head is used to form the image. The image is applied with a special coloring powder - toner. A sheet of paper with toner applied to it is pulled through a heating element, causing the toner particles to sinter and become fixed to the paper.
Advantages - provide high quality printing, not inferior to, but in many ways superior to printing, as well as high printing speed.
The disadvantage is the high cost.
The operating principle of LED printers is similar to the operating principle of laser printers. The difference is that the light source is not laser head, and a line of LEDs.
Selecting a Printer
When choosing a printer, you should pay attention to its main characteristics, which include the following:
Printer resolution - the number of output dots per unit length of the image, usually per square inch, measured in dpi (dot per inch)
Number of colors it's important. Usually three primary colors are used, mixing which produces any color. Black is difficult to obtain, so it is added to others.
Driver quality and the color separation algorithms used play an important role in obtaining high-quality printing;
Printer life is determined by the time of continuous operation and is measured by the number of pages per unit of time, usually per month. Exceeding the resource significantly increases the likelihood of printer failure;
resource of one refueling together with its cost determines the cost of operating the printer. Laser printers usually cost more than inkjet printers, but the latter are slightly more expensive to operate.
Plotters (plotters)
Plotter or plotter - a device for displaying various drawings, geographical maps, posters and other images on large format paper.
Plotters come in monochrome and color.
According to their design, plotters come in drum and flatbed plotters.
There are also plotters with different writing instruments: with a pen – disposable; with felt-tip pen – refillable;
Pencils with an automatically retractable collet pencil. Based on image printing technology, plotters are divided into:
Feathers;
Thermal paper plotters (which build an image by local heating of special paper);
jet;
Laser and LED plotters.
Gradually, the line between printers and plotters is blurring. The only difference between plotters and printers is their large paper format.
Scanners
A scanner is a device that allows you to enter image images into a computer, presented in the form of text, drawings, slides, photographs or other graphic information. In the case when character information is entered using a scanner, the source material is entered in graphic form, after which it is processed by special software(pattern recognition programs).
The following types of scanners are currently produced:
Flatbed scanners are designed for entering graphic information from transparent or opaque sheet material.
hand scanners
Variety hand scanners– bar scanners are designed to enter data encoded in the form of a bar code. Such devices are used in retail trade networks.
drum (roll) type scanners
To enter data from standard forms filled out mechanically or by hand, form scanners are used. The need for this arises when conducting population censuses, processing election results and analyzing personal data.
The main consumer parameters of scanners are:
Resolution - the number of distinguishable dots per inch of the image;
Scanner performance - duration of scanning a sheet of standard size paper. Depends both on the perfection of the mechanical part of the device and on the type of interface used to interface with the computer;
Dynamic range, is determined by the logarithm of the ratio of the brightness of the lightest areas of the image to the brightness of the darkest areas (the typical indicator for office scanners is 1.8-2.0, and for professional scanners - from 2.5);
Maximum size of scanned material.
In addition, bioprinters have recently appeared that print human organs for transplantation, printers that print water, paint nails, and even print food!
Companies Organovo and Invitech, based in San Diego (USA), have developed an unusual three-dimensional printer for printing human organs. The dimensions of the device are very compact and this printer consists of two print heads: the first sprays the gel, forming the shape of the printed organ, the second fills this form with cells grown on the basis of the original ones.
A unique development is the Cricut Cake printer, which uses “sweets” rolled into thin sheets instead of paper. This printer is designed for those who like to create masterpieces by decorating cakes and other confectionery products. The Cricut Cake costs $400.
Since ancient times, the Japanese have been famous for their love of beauty, art, and unusual things. So they created an amazing machine that prints with water. This unusual printer prints various shapes, flowers, and also shows the time. This spectacle is fascinating and the sound of falling water has a calming effect.
And here is the optimization of the process of applying a creative manicure. We paint the nail, insert our finger into the miracle printer, select a picture on the computer, and voila, the manicure is ready!
- The operating principle of the printing mechanism.
- Maximum paper sheet size.
- Use of color printing.
- Print speeds.
- Matrix
- Jet
- Laser (page)
- Thermal
- printing speed and their versatility;
- ability to work with any paper;
- low printing cost;
- equipped with internal memory; (buffer), which receives data from the PC (from 4 to 64 KB);
- Possibility of using paper on a roll.
- Graphics take a long time to print (because the character set is not readable from internal memory(ROM) of the printer, and each printed dot must be calculated).
- Always accompanied by noise (since a dot matrix printer is a mechanical device.
- “Dry ink” technology. Operating principle: under the influence of high temperature, particles of solid dye (most often graphite acted as this) were melted and applied to paper under pressure.
- “Spark” technology: generally similar to the previous one, but uses liquid ink.
- Piezoelectric technology: uses the phenomenon of piezoelectricity to apply ink to paper (film), which allows for very precise positioning of the ink particles, but requires a complex and expensive printing device (cartridge).
- “Bubble” technology: applies dye by pushing ink particles out of the container using a gas bubble formed inside the cartridge as a result of a sharp local increase in temperature and pressure.
- printers are almost silent;
- easily carry out color printing;
- Prints obtained using inkjet printers have high resolution laser quality.
Most laser printer manufacturers use the same printing mechanism as copiers.
There are a number of other printing technologies, such as sublimation printing and thermal transfer printing, which are used much less frequently. Laser and LED technology(in the latter case, instead of a laser and a mirror deflecting the laser beam, a line of LEDs is used) in many cases are indistinguishable from the point of view of the end user.
- High noise level;
- Expensive.
- inkjet transfer of molten dye (thermoplastic printing);
- contact transfer of molten dye (thermal wax printing);
- thermal dye transfer (sublimation printing).
