Six months before the transition to digital TV, a wide explanatory campaign will begin. Six months before the transition to digital TV, a wide explanatory campaign will begin Digital television in the year
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| 2017 in television | |||
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List "2017 in television" describes events in the world of television expected in
Years in television
An excerpt characterizing 2017 in television
– Is it over?! - said Princess Marya, after his body had been lying motionless and cold in front of them for several minutes. Natasha came up, looked into the dead eyes and hurried to close them. She closed them and did not kiss them, but kissed what was her closest memory of him.“Where did he go? Where is he now?..”
When the dressed, washed body lay in a coffin on the table, everyone came up to him to say goodbye, and everyone cried.
Nikolushka cried from the painful bewilderment that tore his heart. The Countess and Sonya cried out of pity for Natasha and that he was no more. The old count cried that soon, he felt, he would have to take the same terrible step.
Natasha and Princess Marya were also crying now, but they were not crying from their personal grief; they wept from the reverent emotion that gripped their souls before the consciousness of the simple and solemn mystery of death that had taken place before them.
The totality of causes of phenomena is inaccessible to the human mind. But the need to find reasons is embedded in the human soul. And the human mind, without delving into the innumerability and complexity of the conditions of phenomena, each of which separately can be represented as a cause, grabs the first, most understandable convergence and says: this is the cause. In historical events (where the object of observation is the actions of people), the most primitive convergence seems to be the will of the gods, then the will of those people who stand in the most prominent historical place - historical heroes. But one has only to delve into the essence of each historical event, that is, into the activities of the entire mass of people who participated in the event, to be convinced that the will of the historical hero not only does not guide the actions of the masses, but is itself constantly guided. It would seem that it is all the same to understand the significance of the historical event one way or another. But between the man who says that the peoples of the West went to the East because Napoleon wanted it, and the man who says that it happened because it had to happen, there is the same difference that existed between the people who argued that the earth stands firmly and the planets move around it, and those who said that they do not know what the earth rests on, but they know that there are laws governing the movement of it and other planets. There are no and cannot be reasons for a historical event, except for the only cause of all reasons. But there are laws that govern events, partly unknown, partly groped by us. The discovery of these laws is possible only when we completely renounce the search for causes in the will of one person, just as the discovery of the laws of planetary motion became possible only when people renounced the idea of \u200b\u200bthe affirmation of the earth.
Minister of Communications Nikolai Nikiforov announced that in 2018 Russia will be able to abandon analogue television broadcasting. It is assumed that by this time the entire country will be ready to switch to digital television, but not everyone shares the optimism of officials. Lenta.ru found out why, after switching to digital, many Russians may lose access to television and how to avoid this.
Why does analog die?
According to Nikiforov, in 2018 the state will stop subsidizing analogue television. This doesn't mean it will be turned off. The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications explained to Lenta.ru that TV channels, in addition to the digital format, who want to broadcast in analogue, will have this opportunity: to do this, they just need to agree with the signal distributor - the Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network (RTRS). For example, regional channels will be able to continue broadcasting analogue.
The transition to digital by 2018 is not new in itself. In 2009, when the excitement around the launch of digital TV in Russia was just gaining momentum, officials made rosy plans for a complete transition to a new broadcast format by 2015; later the plans were adjusted and a new milestone was named - 2018. It was assumed that by that time more than half of Russians would have acquired television receivers capable of reading a digital signal.
Why is digital better than analog?
Digital television is different best quality, allows you to fit more channels in one frequency range, it is more resistant to interference. Often, dense urban areas contribute to the creation of ripples or stripes on television screens. Digital transmission allows the signal to bypass these obstacles and produce a smooth picture at the output.
How do you “smoke” an analogue?
The transition to digital television is a worldwide trend. In the West, this process began ten years earlier than in Russia. Abroad, digital broadcasting began in the 1990s, while in Russia they began testing “digital” in 2000 (in the Nizhny Novgorod region). To date, almost all of Western Europe, Scandinavian countries, the USA, some CIS countries and Latin America have abandoned the analogue format. In 2017, Ukraine plans to completely abandon analogue broadcasting in favor of digital.
At the time when Luxembourg and the Netherlands switched completely to digital for the first time (in 2006), Russia had just created a government commission that began working on the concept of introducing new TV standards. It was headed by Dmitry Medvedev. Having become president in 2008, he became closely involved in television issues (at the same time an attempt was made to create public television, which resulted in the opening of the OTR channel with - approx. "Tapes.ru"). In 2009, the Federal Target Program was approved, according to which investments in digital television broadcasting amounted to almost 165 billion rubles.
It was decided that the new format would come to viewers’ homes in multiplexes - packages that are transmitted on the same frequency. The first multiplex included ten federal TV channels - Channel One, Russia 1, Russia 2 (later its frequencies were transferred to Match TV), NTV, Channel Five, Russia K, Russia 24, Karusel, freshly baked OTR and TV Center.
Seats in the second multiplex were put up for competition. Dozens of channels fought for the right to be publicly accessible throughout Russia. As a result, REN TV, STS, Spas, Domashny, TV-3, Friday, Zvezda, Mir, TNT and Muz-TV (now - "YU"). Among the channels that applied, but did not enter the multiplex, were Russia Today, Dozhd, Peretz, NTV Plus, Komsomolskaya Pravda.
Channels have to pay a lot for the opportunity to be in a multiplex. Initially, it was planned that TV companies would pay almost a billion rubles annually to RTRS to build the necessary infrastructure and maintain the signal. Subsequently, annual payments were reduced to 150 million, but from 2019, after the full deployment of the second multiplex, the cost of broadcasting there may again rise to a billion rubles.
For some channels this amount turned out to be unaffordable. Thus, the Orthodox “Spas”, which, as its general director states, exists solely on donations from viewers, still cannot pay off RTRS, and, as in July, does not have an agreement with the signal distributor at all.
Before the crisis, the authorities planned to launch a third multiplex, which would have included regional channels, but the idea failed - the idea was recognized as economically unprofitable. As a result, the third multiplex was launched only in Crimea due to the digital infrastructure that the peninsula inherited from Ukraine.
Who can be left without television?
The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications explained to Lenta.ru that by 2018, digital broadcasting will cover 98.1 percent of the Russian population (ten free channels of the first multiplex will be available to 98.3 percent of the country’s residents by the end of 2016). The remaining 1.9 percent are small populated or uninhabited localities, as well as polar explorer settlements. However, wide coverage does not mean that the new television will come to every home, says a top manager of a television company whose channel is included in one of the multiplexes, who wished to remain anonymous.
To connect to digital TV and watch 20 public TV channels for free, the subscriber's TV must be able to receive a DVB-T2 signal (the European standard for digital terrestrial television second generation - approx. "Tapes.ru"). However, not all TVs, even modern models, are equipped with such a receiver. If the device does not support DVB-T2, the viewer will have to purchase a special set-top box with a receiver, which costs at least a thousand rubles.
Set-top boxes cannot be called expensive, “but judging by the fact that 30 percent of citizens cannot exchange an old TV for a new one, they probably do not have extra money to buy additional devices,” the channel manager suggested.
By the way, in 2012, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications proposed that regions provide several million low-income citizens with such devices. Whether the authorities plan to help beneficiaries with this is still unknown.
Lenta.ru’s interlocutor claims that not a single TV channel yet has an understanding of how the final transition from “analog” to “digital” will take place (as well as no idea of the real losses they may incur). A sharp, overnight transition will not happen, he believes: there is a high risk that part of the population will be left without publicly accessible channels, which could lead to public indignation.
The transition to digital broadcasting of all-Russian mandatory public channels should occur in October 2018. It will be preceded by a broad information campaign next spring, said Deputy Minister of Communications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation Alexei Volin at a meeting on May 16 in the Federation Council.
The transition to digital television is taking place within the framework of the “Development of Television and Radio Broadcasting in Russia in 2009-2015” program. Upon completion, 98 percent of Russians should have access to 20 TV channels included in two multiplexes.
“Ten years ago, the number of public channels depended on where a particular TV viewer lived. I represent the Republic of Tyva and I can say that until now in its remote parts only the First Channel is received, and the quality of the picture leaves much to be desired,” said Lyudmila Narusova, a member of the Federation Council Committee on Constitutional Legislation and State Construction.
The parliamentarian recalled that the date of transition to digital broadcasting has been postponed several times.
In addition, senators are worried about whether there will be “blank spots” in Russia - territories where analogue broadcasting has left, but digital broadcasting has not yet appeared.
In each subject of the Federation, digital terrestrial television stations will have to be reconstructed or built from scratch.
“We are talking about the world’s largest program for transferring to digital television,” stated Alexey Volin. According to the official, out of 5,017 transmission stations, 690 remain to be built in 12 regions. The first multiplex of 10 federal television channels is already available to 95 percent of the population, and the second, “commercial” multiplex can be watched by 64.8 percent.
The first multiplex includes 10 federal TV channels.
1. Channel One
2. Russia 1
3. Match TV
4. NTV
5. Channel 5
6. Russia-Culture
7. Russia 24
8. Carousel
9. OTR
10. TV Center
Televisions that support the required reception standard have been produced in Russia since 2012. Then the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications held a meeting with manufacturers, at which they informed them of the technical requirements for receiving a digital television signal.
More than half of the residents of small settlements have the necessary equipment to receive a digital television signal, said First Deputy General Director of the Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network Viktor Pinchuk.
“If we take medium and small settlements, then 62 percent of the population are already ready to abandon the “analogue”,” he noted.
“From April-May 2018 we will deploy broad campaign to inform viewers about the transition to digital,” said the Deputy Minister of Communications and Mass Communications. - It is very important to inform the population that the “X-hour” will come when it is advisable to buy either a set-top box or a new TV. The ministry has already created headquarters for the transition to digital; their work will be intensified at the beginning of 2018.”
According to Alexey Volin, separate work remains to be done with television companies in the regions, which are now network partners of federal ones.
The “divorce” must take place without damage to regional companies,” the official believes.
For this purpose, at the beginning of the year, an expert council on regional television and radio broadcasting was created under the relevant ministry. Also, the transition to digital should not lead to the taking away of frequencies from TV channels, since it is necessary to have a reserve for the further development of television broadcasting, for example in the High Definition format.
The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications has decided to allow analogue TV channels to continue operating even after the transition to digital broadcasting, but the state will no longer have an obligation to subsidize the distribution of the analogue signal of mandatory all-Russian public channels in cities with a population of less than 100 thousand people.
“Our principled position is that the state will not forcibly turn off analogue broadcasting,” Volin added. All those TV channels that want to continue analogue broadcasting will be able to do so at their own expense.
Speaking about the “white spots” mentioned by Lyudmila Narusova, Volin cited the Arkhangelsk region as an example. The 75 operating TV stations in this region cover 95 percent of subscribers. In order to provide the remaining five, it is necessary to build 100 more. The deputy minister sees a solution in connecting to direct satellite broadcasting.
Let us recall that back in 2006, Russia signed an international agreement on the transition to digital television by 2015. Our country has also pledged to turn off analogue broadcasting where it interferes with digital broadcasting in neighboring countries. The transition period ended on June 17, 2015. It was supposed to turn off analogue TV in Russia in June last year, but then this date was postponed first to July 1, 2018, and then to October 2018.
The table shows the channels that can be received from the Ostankino TV tower in Moscow and the Moscow region. The list is divided into two groups − digital DVB-T2 And terrestrial analog. Operating frequencies, numbers, characteristics are indicated. All federal channels are broadcast free of charge. Coded or paid services not yet provided. Packet distribution digital programs goes to multiplexes, each with 10 channels, 20 are already running as normal and the third multiplex is being tested. First and Russia 1 go as high resolution HD. Breaks in broadcasting are regulated prevention schedule. Search and configuration are possible in automatic or manual mode. Most apartment buildings have cable television, and in the general list you will only find the list provided by the operator. In this case, for reception, you will need an external or internal independent antenna.
| The first digital terrestrial TV multiplex | ||||||
| Channel logo | Name | Number | Frequency | Genre | Video format | Audio format |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Sport | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| St. Petersburg - Channel 5 | 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | News | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
 | 30 | 546 MHz | Children's | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| 30 | 546 MHz | Public television of Russia | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 30 | 546 MHz | Radio | - | MPEG2 | ||
 | 30 | 546 MHz | Radio | - | MPEG2 | |
 | 30 | 546 MHz | Radio | - | MPEG2 | |
| Second digital terrestrial TV multiplex | ||||||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Federal | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Religion | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Entertaining | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Entertaining | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| TV3 | 24 | 498 MHz | Entertaining | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| 24 | 498 MHz | Entertaining | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | Military Patriotic Channel | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
| 24 | 498 MHz | CIS channel | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | ||
 | 24 | 498 MHz | Movies | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| Muz TV | 24 | 498 MHz | Music | MPEG4 | MPEG2 | |
| The third multiplex of digital terrestrial TV
It has not yet been officially launched, so the list of channels is displayed on a separate page with a broadcast schedule |
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In the analog range, the number of conventional channels is less and it is planned to turn them off in accordance with official program government on the development of digital television.
The information was obtained from open sources and is current as of the beginning of 2020. As the grid changes, the data will be updated.
Article 37. Erotic publications
×Law of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 1991 N 2124-1 (as amended on July 13, 2015)
"About the media"
Distribution of specialized radio and television programs of an erotic nature without signal coding is permitted only from 23:00 to 4:00 local time, unless otherwise established by the local administration.
For the purposes of this Law, a mass media specializing in messages and materials of an erotic nature means a periodical publication or program that generally and systematically exploits interest in sex.
Retail sales of media products specializing in messages and materials of an erotic nature are permitted only in sealed transparent packaging and in specially designated premises, the location of which is determined by the local administration.
