Unified state open data portal. Open data portal of the Russian Federation launched

At yesterday's meeting of the Public Council under the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia and the working group under the Government Commission for Coordinating the Activities of the Open Government "Open Data Council" it was decided to launch open data portal of the Russian Federation.

The resource was developed as part of the implementation of the Open Data Concept and activities provided for by the Open Data Charter. It is one of the key elements of the system open government, contributing to increasing the level of information openness of government agencies and local governments.

The goals of creating and using the portal are: provision on a single information resource most complete information about existing Russian open data sets; Creation unified communication platform on issues of generation, publication and use of open data; formation and implementation common technology policy in the field of open data.

The portal is a comprehensive platform for exploring and working with open data. Among features and capabilities of the portal the following are highlighted:

• automatic downloading of open data sets from the websites of more than 70 government organizations ensures constant updating and high quality data;
• involving everyone in the development of open data: blogs, forum, comments and function feedback, the opportunity to vote for a set, submit an idea, request an unpublished set from officials;
• built-in visualization tools allow you to familiarize yourself with the contents of a set of open data without downloading;
• a wide range of tools for publishers and developers: converting files into machine-readable formats, implementing API queries, searching across data sets and their contents, implementing SPARQL queries.

According to the press service of the Open Government, the portal is a “window” for the publication of open data not only from government agencies, but also for all interested data holders. The portal is summoned stimulate the publication of open data and demand for it.

Now published on the portal 1040 data sets(How federal bodies authorities, and regional open data portals). In total, more than 5,000 data sets have been published by authorities in Russia. On their basis, socially significant mobile applications and services(city transport schedule, payment for parking or electronic appointment with a doctor).

Open data on the portal is divided into topics. The site has forums, blogs, and applications created based on open data. In the future, it is planned to fill the portal, update data, ensure their connectivity, and develop an information and reference system. It is also expected to provide a version for people with disabilities.

As noted by the Deputy Minister of Economic Development of the Russian Federation Oleg Fomichev, V this moment The private sector and developers are not yet making widespread use of the open data sets that public authorities have already made available on the Internet. “Now we have a good opportunity to simultaneously improve the mechanism for posting open data on the portal, and maximally encourage third-party developers to use those sets of open data that are already posted,” he noted.

Let us remember that under open data refers to information posted on the Internet in the form of systematized data, organized in a format that ensures its automatic processing without prior modification by a person, for the purpose of repeated, free and free use (clause 2, approved by the minutes of the meeting of the Government Commission for Coordination of Open Public Activities Government dated June 4, 2013 No. 4).

It is expected that the economic effect of the portal will be a direct increase in the capitalization of developers. “Due to the disclosure of information in open data format, the Internet economy can grow up to 3% in two years,” noted the Minister of the Russian Federation Mikhail Abyzov. At the same time, the social effect will be the creation of new jobs and an increase in the quality of life.

Currently, work is underway to fill the resource and connect the main sources of open data.

Since March 26, 2014 The open data portal of the Russian Federation is available on the Internet at the address: http://data.gov.ru. At the same time, until April 28, 2014, the Russian Ministry of Economic Development, as part of an open discussion, is collecting proposals for its development.

; when it is, it is linked open data. One of the most important forms of open data is open government data, which is a form of open data created by ruling government institutions. Open government data"s importance is borne from it being a part of citizens" everyday lives, down to the most routine/mundane tasks that are seemingly far removed from government.

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Overview

The concept of open data is not new; but a formalized definition is relatively new [ citation needed] . One definition is the Open Definition which can be summarized in the statement that “A piece of data is open if anyone is free to use, reuse, and redistribute it – subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and/or share- like." Other definitions, including the Open Data Institute's "Open data is data that anyone can access, use or share", have an accessible short version of the definition but refer to the formal definition.

Open data may include non-textual material such as maps, genomes, connectomes, chemical compounds, mathematical and scientific formulae, medical data and practice, bioscience and biodiversity. Problems often arise because these are commercially valuable or can be aggregated into works of value. Access to, or re-use of, the data is controlled by organizations, both public and private. Control may be through access restrictions, licenses, copyright, patents and charges for access or re-use. Advocates of open data argue that these restrictions are against the common good and that these data should be made available without restriction or fee. In addition, it is important that the data are re-usable without requiring further permission, though the types of re-use (such as the creation of derivative works) may be controlled by a license.

A typical depiction of the need for open data:

Numerous scientists have pointed out the irony that right at the historical moment when we have the technologies to permit worldwide availability and distributed process of scientific data, broadening collaboration and accelerating the pace and depth of discovery... we are busy locking up that data and preventing the use of correspondingly advanced technologies on knowledge.

Creators of data often do not consider the need to state the conditions of ownership, licensing and re-use; instead presuming that not asserting copyright puts the data into the public domain . For example, many scientists do not regard the published data arising from their work to be theirs to control and consider the act of publication in a journal to be an implicit release of data into the commons. However, the lack of a license makes it difficult to determine the status of a data set and may restrict the use of data offered in an "Open" spirit. Because of this uncertainty it is also possible for public or private organizations to aggregate said data, protect it with copyright and then resell it.

While the open-science-data movement long predates the Internet, the availability of fast, ubiquitous networking has significantly changed the context of Open science data, since publishing or obtaining data has become much less expensive and time-consuming.

In 2004, the Science Ministers of all nations of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which includes the most developed countries of the world, signed a declaration which essentially states that all publicly published archive data should be made publicly available. Following a request and an intense discussion with data-producing institutions in member states, the OECD published in 2007 the OECD Principles and Guidelines for Access to Research Data from Public Funding as a soft law recommendation.

Examples of open data in science:

In Government

There are a range of different arguments for Government Open Data. For example, some advocates contend that making government information available to the public as machine readable open data can facilitate government transparency, accountability and public participation. "Open data can be a powerful force for public accountability—it can make existing information easier to analyze, process, and combine than ever before, allowing a new level of public scrutiny." Governments that enable public viewing of data can help citizens engage within the governmental sectors and "add value to that data."

Some make the case that opening up official information can support technological innovation and economic growth by enabling third parties to develop new kinds of digital applications and services.

Several national governments have created web sites to distribute a portion of the data they collect. It is a concept for a collaborative project in municipal Government to create and organize culture for Open Data or Open government data.

Additionally, other levels of government have established open data websites. There are many government entities pursuing Open Data in Canada. Data.gov lists the sites of a total of 40 US states and 46 US cities and counties with web sites to provide open data; e.g. the state of Maryland, the state of California, US.

At the international level, the United Nations has an open data website that publishes statistical data from Member States and UN Agencies, and The World Bank published a range of statistical data relating to developing countries. The European Commission has created two portals for the European Union: the EU Open Data Portal which gives access to open data from the EU institutions, agencies and other bodies and the PublicData portal that provides datasets from local, regional and national public bodies across Europe.

Arguments for and against

The debate on Open Data is still evolving. The best open government applications seek to empower citizens, to help small businesses, or to create value in some other positive, constructive way. Opening government data is only a way-point on the road to improving education, improving government, and building tools to solve other real world problems. While many arguments have been made categorically [ citation needed], the following discussion of arguments for and against open data highlights that these arguments often depend highly on the type of data and its potential uses.

Arguments made on behalf of Open Data include the following:

It is generally held that factual data cannot be copyrighted. However, publishers frequently add copyright statements (often for bidding re-use) to scientific data accompanying publications. It may be unclear whether the factual data embedded in full text are part of the copyright.

While the human abstraction of facts from paper publications is normally accepted as legal there is often an implied restriction on the machine extraction by robots.

• to deposit bioinformatics, atomic and molecular coordinate data, experimental data into the appropriate public database immediately upon publication of research results.
• to retain original data sets for a minimum of five years after the grant. This applies to all data, whether published or not.

Other bodies active in promoting the deposition of data as well as fulltext include the Wellcome Trust. An academic paper published in 2013 advocated that Horizon 2020 (the science funding mechanism of the EU, due to launch in 2014) should mandate that funded projects hand in their databases as "deliverables" at the end of the project, so that they can be checked for third party usability then shared.

Non-Open data

Several mechanisms restrict access to or reuse of data (and several reasons for doing this are given above). They include:

See also

• Linked Data and Linked Open Data

References

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3. See Open Definition home page and the full Open Definition
4. Science Commons
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