Basic programming lessons. How and where to learn coding? Profession PHP developer from scratch to PRO from Skillbox

• Technologies: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Git, Node.js, React.js and others.
• English language.

The freeCodeCamp program consistently teaches the user all the basic aspects of web programming from basic concepts to complex techniques development. At the beginning of each lesson, you read the theory, then apply it in practice: write code in a special editor, and the system tests you. If difficulties arise, you can discuss them with other students on the forum.

At the end of the theoretical modules, you are shown projects from which you must create your own web applications. The development results must be published on the resource, after which they can be evaluated by other users.

In addition, freeCodeCamp helps students form teams and work together on real-life non-profit projects. This is a good chance to gain valuable development experience and a portfolio needed for employment.

2. Codecademy

• Technologies: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Angular.js, React.js, Python, Ruby and others.
• Cost: free or from $20 per month for additional content.
• English language.
• Difficulty level: easy-medium levels.

Like the previous resource, Codecademy focuses on teaching web programming. You read the theory, and then complete tasks in the interactive code editor. The user has access to separate courses dedicated to different technologies. The bulk of each of them is available for free, but verification tests and project development tasks are unlocked after you subscribe.

Codecademy also has comprehensive paid programs, which systematize and combine materials from different courses. For example, Build Websites from Scratch teaches you step-by-step how to develop a simple website from scratch using a variety of technologies.

3. Coursera

• Technologies: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Angular.js, Java, Python, Ruby, Swift and others.
• Cost: free or from $49 per month for additional content.
• Language: English, Russian and others.
• Difficulty level: all levels.

On Coursera you will find many courses on different programming languages ​​from the world's leading universities. Here you can learn not only web development, but also the creation of mobile and desktop programs. Some courses are self-contained, but most are combined into specializations - sets of related courses.

You can view theoretical material presented in texts and videos for free. But most test and practical tasks, which require verification by a teacher or other users, are available only with a paid subscription.

4.edX

• Technologies: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Java, Python, Ruby and others.
• Cost: free or from $49 per month for a certificate.
• Language: English and others.
• Difficulty level: all levels.

On edX you can access courses from renowned companies and universities. Among them there is, for example, the famous introductory course for beginning programmers, Introduction to Computer Science, from Harvard University. Educational content is represented mainly by video lectures and texts. Some courses contain tests and other interactive activities.

The platform does not ask for money for completing most materials. But you can only get a certificate confirming the successful completion of a particular course for money.

5. INTUIT

• Technologies: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, algorithms and databases, C#, Java, Python, Ruby, and others.
• Cost: free or from 500 rubles per month for tutor services.
• Russian language.
• Difficulty level: all levels.

The catalog of the INTUIT educational platform contains text and video courses from Russian educational institutions and international IT companies. The site's content covers all major areas of programming from website development to the creation of desktop programs. Self-study is free, but there is payable service, in which the user is assisted by a personal tutor.

6. Stepik

• Technologies: JavaScript, C#, neural networks, C++ and others.
• Cost: completely free.
• Language: Russian, English.
• Difficulty level: easy-medium.

Another non-profit platform, courses for which are created by Russian companies and universities. Although Stepik does not have much material about specific programming languages, here you can gain fundamental knowledge from the field of mathematics and algorithm theory that will be useful to every developer.

7. Modern Javascript Tutorial

• Technologies: JavaScript and others.
• Cost: free or from 6,500 rubles for an additional course.
• Russian language.
• Difficulty level: all levels.

This resource is dedicated to the JavaScript language and related web technologies. Here you will find a very detailed, well-structured and easy-to-understand text course on JS. Assignments after each topic will help you consolidate your knowledge. At the same time, the material is purely theoretical and does not teach how to create projects in practice.

You can study the textbook on your own for free, or pay for advanced courses that include learning JavaScript itself or related technologies with a teacher.

The economy and our whole life is becoming more and more digital every day and the labor market requires more and more skilled people to build websites and software products. The country needs programmers and developers; companies are willing to pay smart specialists decent salaries and create the most comfortable conditions for their work, including flexible hours and the ability to work remotely.

Read my personal rating of the 10 best online courses for beginners learning the basics of web programming languages ​​from scratch to first internships and initial employment in well-known Russian IT companies. They are available in Russian, including for schoolchildren and teenagers. Here are courses on the most popular languages ​​from HTML and CSS to 1C, PHP, Java, Python, Ruby and C#. Those who read the article to the end will receive links to free courses and intensive programming :)

1. Python for Web Developers by SkillFactory

Data Science, machine learning and artificial intelligence are the hottest technology trends of recent years. Those who want to become a programmer should first of all take a closer look at mastering a language like Python, since it is most widely used in these areas.

SkillFactory together with Igor Bosyagin, R&D programmer at Lamoda, will help you master the basics of programming in Python, the Django framework and develop your first applications in 6 months. A get-together with useful contacts, an exam at the end of the course, a certificate, as well as help with internships and employment await you. The course is available from anywhere in the world.

The cost of the course is from 33,900 to 48,900 depending on the date of reservation of a place on the course and the number free seats. As a reader of the blog site, you can get a 10% discount by telling the manager the code word igaryoh after completing the application. Read more about the program and sign up for the course using this link.

Programming courses with guaranteed employment

1. I am a PRO Web Developer from Skillbox

A large-scale two-year development training program that can be compared to a master's degree. Here you will consistently move from learning the basics of programming to the specializations that interest you most personally. Online classes are combined with offline meetings with the strongest teachers and consultations on employment, as well as excursions to top companies. The most interesting thing is that if you don’t have money for training, you can enter the profession for free, and start paying for the course after getting a well-paid job. Find out more and sign up for the course using this link.

2. Profession Frontend Developer from Skillbox

A six-month course filled with practice will make you a specialist in website and web application development. You will learn how to independently create various online resources and services, such as Facebook, Vkontakte, Yandex, Google, etc. This knowledge will be relevant for both a remote worker and a freelancer. Details and registration follow this link.

3. Profession PHP developer from scratch to PRO from Skillbox

PHP is one of the most popular programming languages. With its help, many online stores and websites have been created, including this one. There is no need to talk about the demand for RHP specialists.

During the course, you will become familiar with the basic concepts of programming, learn to write clean, structured and, most importantly, working code, and master popular tools under the guidance of a mentor.

You can find it via the link.

4. Profession Java developer from 0 to PRO from Skillbox

Java programs are used by more than 3 billion devices in the world; it is now the most popular programming language. A wide variety of projects are created on it: from modern technologies to scientific projects, from mobile applications before neural networks. A Java web developer earns a minimum of 90 thousand rubles, and on average 120 thousand rubles.

Find out more and sign up .

5. Profession Python developer from Skillbox

If you don't yet know what field to start your programming career in, you can't go wrong by choosing Python. This is a general-purpose programming language that can be used in almost any field, be it websites, applications, databases, games, life support systems, scientific projects, or even the creation of artificial intelligence.

In this course, learning starts from the very basics, and the entire process is gamified. You can register for the program.

Read also:

6. Profession 1C developer from Skillbox

Domestic programming language, entirely in Russian. Programs written in 1C are used in most Russian companies, for whom accounting of personnel, inventories and standardization of document flow is relevant. Expected salary of a graduate: from 80 thousand rubles.

Read more details .

7. Profession Game Developer from Skillbox

Today, games have become a constant companion of man, and have long gone beyond the sphere of entertainment. Thanks to the growing need for gamification, gaming software is now in demand almost everywhere.

During the course, you will become familiar with the main elements of development: study the game landscape, game world design, VR and AR in Unity, 3D graphics, sound effects and music. With this knowledge you will create your own unique projects.

You can view the course at link.

8. Profession iOS developer from Skillbox

Nowadays it is difficult to imagine life without a smartphone. And you don’t even have to say anything about the popularity of MacBooks and iPhones - everything is clear without words.

In this course you will be taught how to program applications for Apple products. During the training, you will collect 6 projects for a portfolio - a great start to your career as an iOS developer.Read more .

Read also:

9. Profession Android developer from Skillbox

Android is now the most popular operating system for smartphones. Phones are used more and more often, which means mobile developers are becoming more valuable. And large and medium-sized businesses need specialists to implement projects.

During the course, you will master the intricacies of creating applications for this platform, study architectural approaches, popular libraries, Unit and UI testing. Also, upon completion, you will create your application and publish it on Google Play.

You can view the landing page .

10. I am a Mobile Developer - PRO from Skillbox

Scope of work mobile development is growing exponentially, as is the demand for app developers.

This two-year course is also comparable in scope to a master's degree in IT. You will find webinars, live meetings, hackathons and challenges from real clients. From scratch to first orders in just four months. Details.

Other paid courses for programmers from Netology are at this link, and from GeekBrains here.

P.S.: I strongly advise anyone who is looking for programming courses in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Minsk, Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Krasnodar and other cities of Russia and the CIS to still choose online courses, since it is online technologies that allow you to create the highest quality educational products at an affordable price (due to the absence of rental costs), as well as connecting the best teachers and employers with students and future employees from the regions most remote from the capitals. In addition, online learning skills will also be useful for distance learning in foreign schools.

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Hello, dear readers!

The earnings of programmers are legendary. About the opportunity to work as a freelance developer (that is, in pajamas and drinking a cup of coffee or on the ocean) too. They believe these legends and want to get into this area.

What fuels interest is that the programmers themselves insist that the path to the profession is open to everyone, not just techies. The main thing is to know where to find it. Are you interested in him too? Then this article describing programming for dummies is for you!

Is it given to everyone?

Woody Allen once said that most of life is showing off. Everyone wants to write a book, script (program), but few people get beyond their desires, and in vain. If you start, you're halfway there. And there is no need to put off starting until tomorrow, next month or Monday and look for reasons not to implement the idea right now.

There would be a desire. This is confirmed by a publication on Habré, which was written by a blind programmer. Blind, but experienced and good at coding. We live in the 21st century, which means we have a lot of opportunities.

The right start is half the battle

When asked what is needed to learn programming from scratch and then make money from it, the gurus answer: “Mastering the basics, which are subsequently found everywhere in work.” This:

• algorithm;
• function;
• cycle;
• condition.

Having dealt with them, it will be possible to understand how the program works and how to implement its algorithms in practice. You can find this knowledge yourself in books. But even more important is to choose a language and decide on the direction of programming.

What language to start with

In most technical universities, training begins with slightly outdated languages. These could be Turbo Pascal and Turbo C. Programmers themselves practically do not use them now, but these languages ​​justify the purpose of learning. They help students understand the intricacies of working with RAM and help to understand what path needs to be taken to transform the idea into a working program.

In addition, the same C language is a kind of basis for the creation of modern languages ​​and it is very useful for a future programmer to study it.

If you are interested in promising programming languages, pay attention to:

• Python. By the way, this is where many novice programmers start. The secret of its popularity is not in its extensive functionality, but in the ability to quickly start practicing. To get started, just download the file and run it. Understanding the intricacies of the work is also not difficult: there are a lot of books written for Python. By the way, this language is used in many large companies, and those who are good at it can always find work.
• Java. Very popular, applicable on all devices and platforms. Specialists who have mastered it are in demand and will always be able to find a highly paid position. By the way, it has nothing to do with JavaScript.
• PHP. . It is called a “not quite real” programming language, since it is designed exclusively for the web, while at the same time it is rarely used in web applications. The language is at the heart of the most popular “engines”, or CMS. (In this publication I already wrote about that, and here you can see) Therefore, if you understand it, and then WordPress, which is one of the most popular content management systems, you will always find work for yourself. .

There are other languages: Ruby (like Python scripting), C# (functionally similar to Java, allows you to create websites and applications on the .NET framework), C++ (a complex version of C, which opens up a lot of possibilities, which are better to understand with a mentor).

How to study

There are three ways to learn the basics of programming without any skills.

Self-education

In this case, in free time You will need to read books, for example:

• “Learning PHP and MySQL” by L. Bailey and M. Morrison;
• « Simple Python. Modern programming style» B. Lyubanovich et al.

Then use the acquired knowledge in practice. Then in a year or two, subject to diligent study, it will be possible to master the profession for free. The main thing is to remember why it all began and constantly practice.

This is the most difficult path for beginners, so only a person who lives by an idea, sincerely loves programming and can figure it out himself can overcome it.

Mentor's help

A mentor is an experienced programmer who will guide you on the right path. He will recommend literature, check the code, and give you assignments to practice practical skills. The main thing is to find him. Where? On forums, online conferences. Moreover, find and interest in working with you.

Trainings

To succeed in programming, you need to practice a lot, putting theory into practice. This is what the course is based on. GeekBrains . With its help, you can learn to code for free while watching tutorial videos and doing homework.

A huge plus is communication with like-minded people. This not only inspires, but also helps you develop: difficulties and mistakes appear more often in the team, which mentors teach you to cope with. Knowing about them means being one step ahead of your competitors.

Where to go

Where to start learning? From the choice of direction, which will also prompt the choice of language. Eat:

• Web programming is a promising and fast-growing area that requires only a computer and a browser to work with. Allows you to create and maintain websites. Having mastered it, you will acquire a specialty through which you can earn good money. Do you want to be a web programmer? Learn PHP.
• Development of programs and applications. A complex but interesting direction, which is almost impossible to understand without knowing the basics. The choice of language depends on the area: mobile, for Android () or another platform. Java will do.
• System administration. Everything is simple here: you need to configure programs previously created by someone. In this direction, diversified development is important.

The path to success in all cases lies through the ability to improve and self-develop.

Therefore, subscribe to the blog to constantly receive a portion of useful information and per group In contact with . And also constantly apply your knowledge in practice: “write” for yourself, solve problems online for programmers, and finally, look for where newcomers are being recruited to join the pro team on freelance exchanges.

And website creation is becoming increasingly popular and attracting the attention of a huge number of people. Even a person without special education can start developing programs; the main thing is the desire and desire to learn new material and constant practice.

Study Options

Where to start learning programming from scratch? There are several ways to master new material in this area. Private teachers will show you how to start learning programming from scratch and teach you important aspects of building code. However this method quite expensive, so the following training methods are mainly used:

1. Specialized courses. Their cost is much less than lessons from a personal tutor. It is worth noting that many employers respond positively to the availability of a variety of certificates of completion of training in computer academies. Pay attention to the courses of the world-famous companies Microsoft and Cisco.
2. Remote free courses. There are a very large number of services on the Internet with which you can view lecture courses from Oxford, Harvard and other famous educational institutions in the world. There are also special platforms for training practical programming skills. Read more about remote learning and useful Internet services further in the article.
3. Self-learning. Where to start learning programming from scratch if you don't plan to enroll in courses and spend money? In this case, the easiest way is to educate yourself. You should start studying by reading the basics, do not delve into theory, immediately start practicing, because only in the process of creating a program will you acquire the necessary skills.

After choosing the training option that suits you, you should decide on the subject area, because programming has a fairly wide range of different branches.

How to choose the right direction?

Directly depends on the type of software you will create in the future:

If size is most important to you wages, turn your attention to the job market. Nowadays, the most in demand are developers who specialize in the languages ​​Java, C#, ASP.NET, C++.

Low and high level languages. Difference and Applications

It is believed that all programming languages ​​are divided into high-level and low-level. Low-level code is easier for a computer to process, but it takes a long time to write and requires more domain knowledge. Such languages ​​(for example, assembly) are used to write software for digital chips and microcontrollers. They are not very convenient for learning programming from scratch. The useful services and literature from world-famous authors given later in the article will tell you where to start writing your first programs.

High-level languages ​​are much easier to use because they use built-in libraries to simplify and visualize code. Most modern software is written using high-level languages.

Programming from scratch: where to start applications?

Process of creation mobile programs allows programmers to work with the latest tools and, as a result, earn a decent amount of money through monetization. First you need to choose the site where you will work:

1. Google Play. Application store for users of the Android operating system. This OS has the largest share of users on the market. Java and C/C++ languages ​​are used to develop applications and games. The most popular are messenger applications and clients. social networks, cloud storage, games.
2. Windows Mobile Store. This store is rapidly gaining popularity along with smartphones from Microsoft. In the CIS countries, most users prefer tablets on the platform Windows Phone. Programming applications for such a store helps you earn more money from monetization, because, unlike Android, almost all programs in the Windows store are distributed on a paid basis.
3. App Store. Another profitable platform for development (language - Objective-C). The process of creating programs for devices Apple Requires a pre-installed development environment called Xcode. The next step is to learn Objective-C programming from scratch. David Mark's book “Learning C for Mac” will tell you where to start writing code. Second edition."

Java language

Most professional developers recommend starting your programming knowledge with the Java language. It is easy to learn and at the same time in demand in the market. Use the tips below if you decide to learn programming from scratch. Where to start with Java development?

Java is a high-level object-oriented programming language that is needed to develop most modern web applications and games. During the compilation process (turning written code into a language understandable by the device), the code is converted into a sequence of bytes, so the program can be easily tested on any virtual machine Java.

Programming from scratch. Where to start with Java and Web coding?

The Java language is widely used in web development. Before you begin the full-fledged programming process, you should learn Java, PHP, MySQL, HTML, CSS. A more detailed explanation of these concepts is given below:

1. Java - used in writing utilities for websites and writing the logic of web page functionality.
2. PHP is a language for creating personal website pages. It has a script structure. The leading language in creating dynamic websites that are popular today. PHP is needed to understand scripting and programming from scratch. Where to begin? From reading Josh Lockhat's book "PHP: The Right Way".
3. MySQL is a system for managing the basics of data. Widely used in creating websites that require storing large amounts of grouped data.
4. HTML is not a programming language. This is a markup language used to write the base of a web page (building blocks, distributing text and paragraphs, and so on).
5. CSS - Cascading Style Sheet. Used only in conjunction with HTML to give the markup language style and appearance.

Only by learning the basic concepts of the milestones of these technologies can you begin to create professional dynamic websites that are in great demand today.

Web programming. Relevance and features

The topic of Web programming is especially relevant today. As stated above, to start developing web elements you need to have a fairly large amount of knowledge about markup languages, creating scripts, logic and styles.

Nowadays you won’t surprise anyone with sites that are created only using HTML and CSS, so web developers who are able to make a site visually beautiful, as well as fill it with all the functionality necessary for users, have become in demand.

This type of development requires the creation of two types of the same program: server and client parts. The programmer must understand the principle of operation of so-called sockets - data packets that allow the necessary flows of information to be transmitted over the network between the server and the client.

Creating applications for the Windows operating system

To develop such programs, you will need knowledge of the C# language. Free service from Microsoft called Virtual Academy will allow you to learn all the features of this language and practice writing simple applications.

According to Microsoft's new policy, all applications are uploaded to the software store, so you can gain access to monetize your project.

The C family of languages ​​(C, C++, C#). Peculiarities

Programming from scratch - where to start choosing a language? The answer to this question can be obtained by delving into more detail into the types of application creation technologies. The relevance of a particular language should also be taken into account.

The languages ​​C, C++, C# have one thing in common - the presence of OOP (object-oriented programming) functions. This technology allows you to significantly simplify the process of writing program code. Each software object is described in a specific class and has its own parameters, methods and properties. Thus, the programmer does not have to write huge pieces of code each time if the same object needs to be used several times.

Useful Internet services for learning the basic principles of programming and the code structure of any application

At the first stage of training, almost any web service will offer you to try its capabilities using Pascal, the simplest of the high-level languages. It is used for educational purposes and is taught in schools and technical colleges so that students can understand programming from scratch. Where to start with Pascal coding? First of all, you need to download the development environment to your PC. It is small executable file, in which the program code is to be written. Use TurboPascal, because it is the most popular environment for learning this programming language.

HourOfCode is a web service from Microsoft. It is intended to clearly show students what a cycle, variable, class, and conditions are. The learning process is like a game.

CodeAcademy is a powerful resource for learning almost any coding technology. By devoting just an hour a day, you will not even notice how you will learn to program and create your own projects.

Udacity is a service that provides its users with free access to lectures by famous professors and developers.

Gaining initial experience. Freelancing

After learning the basic principles of your chosen language, you can safely begin your first projects. Start freelancing, because this is how you will fill out your portfolio and gain experience communicating with customers. Such skills will be useful in the future if you want to get a job in a company as an official software developer.

Bottom line

Programming from scratch: where to start? For dummies, professors from world-famous universities advise practicing with the basic structures that form the basis of any programming language. Enroll in specialized courses or self-study by listening to lectures online.

Learning programming is not something you can do casually. But you don't have to spend your entire life understanding the basics. There are many ways to make learning easier for yourself.

It often happens that beginners start learning already knowing something about programming. At first everything goes well, but as we study further, problems begin. Why? Beginners quickly skim through the introductory part, thinking that they already know everything, but in reality this is rarely the case. They know some of the material, but not enough to understand the basics well.

At the same time, we cannot stop developing. You can go slow or fast, but don't skip any topic. By mastering more materials, you create a foundation for the future.

1. Study code examples

When we talk about reading, we usually mean reading words on a page, but programming is about reading code. When you first learn to program, you should study and try to understand every example. You can even read and try to understand the code examples first, and only then read the text. This doesn’t always work, but it teaches you to look at the code carefully and delve into every detail.

2. Don't just read code examples - run them!

When you're reading a tutorial or tutorial, it's easy to look at an example and say, “I got it, I get it. Yes, that makes sense." Of course, you might have understood it, but you don't know for sure whether you really understood it correctly. There is only one way to find out - do something with the code.

If you haven't already done so, install a development environment (IDE) that supports your programming language.

Then bring the example into the IDE - if you type it instead of just copying it, you'll actually walk through it from start to finish. Typing code forces you to pay attention to details of the language's syntax, such as the semicolons that should end each line.

Now compile and run the code. Make sure it does exactly what it's supposed to do.

Finally, change it. The program is the most easily changed mechanism on Earth. You can experiment and see what happens. Changes will occur instantly, without the risk of death or injury. The easiest way to learn a programming language is to take working code and change it.

3. Start writing your code as early as possible

As soon as you understand something about the language - even if it already makes your head spin - start writing programs in it. Sometimes it is difficult to find ideas for programs. This is normal, at the very beginning you don’t have to come up with your idea.

You can also reproduce exercises from a manual or book you are reading without looking at the examples. It's not as easy as it seems. This technique also works well if you slightly change the code from the examples.

If you don't want to think about small programs and want to write something bigger right away, like games, you need to start with small pieces that you can then use to create a game. Whether you use them or not, you will gain valuable experience.

4. Learn to use a debugger

The debugger will allow you to move through the code line by line. You will be able to observe the values ​​of the variables and see if the condition is met.

The debugger allows you to quickly answer questions about what your code is doing.

At first, fixing errors with the debugger will take a lot of time. But as the number of errors in your code increases, the debugger will begin to save a lot of your time. And the number of errors, believe me, will be measured in dozens.

Beginners are often reluctant to use a debugger. In fact, they make life difficult for themselves by spending years correcting very simple mistakes. The sooner you learn the debugger, the sooner you will be rewarded.

5. Find more sources

If you don't understand something, look for alternative explanations first - the Internet is full of information about programming. We all perceive new information differently: maybe you need pictures to understand, while someone else needs detailed instructions or many books with detailed explanations.

But if that doesn't work then The best way To deal with the problem - ask someone else. However, if you say “I don’t understand, please explain,” you will most likely receive in response a link to the same text that you did not understand. Instead, use your own words to describe how you understood the text. The more a question reveals your thoughts, the easier it will be for a knowledgeable expert to answer it. Programmers sometimes seem irritable when answering questions. But the reason is more likely that they want to move forward in the dialogue, and this requires effort from both sides. If you ask a smart, detailed question that demonstrates what you think, you will get good results.