Dimensions of symbols in electrical diagrams. Conventional graphic symbols on electrical circuit diagrams Dimensions according to GOST of electrical elements

GOST 2.702-2011

Group T52

INTERSTATE STANDARD

one system design documentation

RULES FOR EXECUTION OF ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS

Unified system of design documentation. Rules for presentation of electric schemes

ISS 01.100
OKSTU 0002

Date of introduction 2012-01-01

Preface

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-2009 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for development, adoption, application, renewal and cancellation"

Standard information

1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Standardization and Certification in Mechanical Engineering" (FSUE "VNIINMASH"), the Autonomous Non-Profit Organization "Research Center for CALS Technologies "Applied Logistics" (ANO Scientific Research Center for CALS Technologies "Applied Logistics" )

2 INTRODUCED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (protocol dated May 12, 2011 N 39)

The following voted for the adoption of the standard:

4 By Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated August 3, 2011 N 211-st, the interstate standard GOST 2.702-2011 was put into effect as a national standard Russian Federation from January 1, 2012

5 INSTEAD GOST 2.702-75


Information on the entry into force (termination) of this standard is published in the “National Standards” index.

Information about changes to this standard is published in the “National Standards” index, and the text of the changes is published in the “National Standards” information indexes. In case of revision or cancellation of this standard, the relevant information will be published in the information index "National Standards"

1 area of ​​use

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to electrical circuits of products from all industries, as well as electrical circuits of energy structures and establishes rules for their implementation.

Based on this standard, it is allowed, if necessary, to develop standards for the implementation of electrical circuits of products specific types techniques taking into account their specifics.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 2.051-2006 Unified system of design documentation. Electronic documents. General provisions

GOST 2.053-2006 Unified system of design documentation. Electronic structure of the product. General provisions

GOST 2.104-2006 Unified system of design documentation. Basic inscriptions

GOST 2.701-2008 Unified system of design documentation. Scheme. Types and types. General requirements to implementation

GOST 2.709-89 Unified system of design documentation. Conventional designations of wires and contact connections of electrical elements, equipment and sections of circuits in electrical diagrams

GOST 2.710-81 Unified system of design documentation. Alphanumeric designations in electrical circuits

GOST 2.721-74 Unified system of design documentation. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Designations for general use

GOST 2.755-87 Unified system of design documentation. Conventional graphic symbols in electrical diagrams. Switching and contact devices

NOTE When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the referenced standards in information system for general use - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly information index published this year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

3.1 The following terms with corresponding definitions are used in this standard:

3.2 The following abbreviations are used in this standard:

ESKD - Unified System of Design Documentation;

UGO - conventional graphic symbols;

ESI - electronic structure of the product;

KD - design document.

4 Basic provisions

4.1 Electrical diagram - a document containing, in the form of conventional images or symbols, the components of a product that operate using electrical energy, and their interconnections.

4.2 Electrical diagrams can be made as paper and (or) electronic design documentation.

4.3 General requirements for implementation, types and types of circuits - in accordance with GOST 2.701.

Rules for constructing conventional alphanumeric designations of elements, devices and functional groups in electrical diagrams - according to GOST 2.710.

Note - If the electrical circuit is designed as an electronic design, you should additionally follow GOST 2.051.

4.4 Electrical circuits, depending on their main purpose, are divided into the following types:

- structural;

- functional;

- principled;

- connections;

- connections;

- are common;

- location.

4.5 It is allowed to place explanatory inscriptions, diagrams or tables on the diagram that determine the sequence of processes in time, as well as indicate parameters at characteristic points (current values, voltages, pulse shapes and sizes, mathematical dependencies, etc.).

5 Rules for executing schemes

5.1 Rules for executing block diagrams

5.1.1 The block diagram shows all the main functional parts of the product (elements, devices and functional groups) and the main relationships between them.

5.1.2 Functional parts in the diagram are depicted in the form of rectangles or UGO.

5.1.3 Graphic construction diagrams should provide the best idea of ​​the sequence of interaction of functional parts in the product.

On the interconnection lines, it is recommended to use arrows to indicate the direction of the processes occurring in the product.

5.1.4 The diagram must indicate the names of each functional part of the product if a rectangle is used to designate it.

The diagram may indicate the type of element (device) and (or) the designation of the document (main design document, standard, technical specifications) on the basis of which this element (device) is applied.

When depicting functional parts in the form of rectangles, it is recommended to write names, types and designations inside the rectangles.

5.1.5 If there are a large number of functional parts, it is allowed, instead of names, types and designations, to put serial numbers to the right of the image or above it, as a rule, from top to bottom in the direction from left to right. In this case, names, types and designations are indicated in a table placed on the diagram field.

5.2 Rules for executing functional diagrams

5.2.1 The functional diagram shows the functional parts of the product (elements, devices and functional groups) participating in the process illustrated by the diagram, and the connections between these parts.

5.2.2 The functional parts and the relationships between them are depicted in the diagram in the form of UGOs established in the ESKD standards. Individual functional parts may be depicted in the form of rectangles.

5.2.3 The graphical construction of the diagram should give the most visual representation of the sequence of processes illustrated by the diagram.

5.2.4 Elements and devices are depicted on diagrams in a combined or separated manner.

5.2.5 With the combined method, the components of elements or devices are depicted on the diagram in close proximity to each other.

5.2.6 With the spaced method, the components of elements and devices or individual elements of devices are depicted on the diagram in different places so that the individual circuits of the product are depicted most clearly.

It is allowed to depict all and individual elements or devices in an exploded manner.

When executing diagrams, it is recommended to use the line method. In this case, the UGO elements or their components included in one chain are depicted sequentially one after another in a straight line, and individual chains are depicted side by side, forming parallel (horizontal or vertical) lines.

When executing the diagram in a line-by-line manner, it is possible to number the lines with Arabic numerals (see Figure 1).

Picture 1

5.2.7 When depicting elements or devices in a spaced manner, it is allowed to place on the free field of the diagram the UGO of elements or devices made in a combined manner. In this case, elements or devices partially used in the product are depicted in full, indicating the used and unused parts or elements (for example, all contacts of a multi-contact relay).

The terminals (contacts) of unused elements (parts) are shown shorter than the terminals (contacts) of used elements (parts) (see Figure 2).

Figure 2

5.2.8 Schemes are made in a multi-linear or single-line image.

5.2.9 With a multilinear image, each circuit is depicted as a separate line, and the elements contained in these circuits are depicted as separate UGOs (see Figure 3 A).

Figure 3

5.2.10 With a single-line drawing, circuits that perform identical functions are depicted with one line, and identical elements of these circuits are depicted with one UGO (see Figure 3 b).

5.2.11 If necessary, electrical circuits are indicated on the diagram. These designations must comply with the requirements of GOST 2.709.

5.2.12 When depicting different functional circuits on the same diagram, it is allowed to distinguish them by line thickness. It is recommended to use no more than three line thicknesses on one diagram. If necessary, appropriate explanations are placed in the diagram field.

5.2.13 To simplify the diagram, it is possible to merge several electrically unconnected interconnection lines into a group interconnection line, but when approaching contacts (elements), each interconnection line is depicted as a separate line.

When merging interconnection lines, each line is marked at the junction, and, if necessary, at both ends with symbols (numbers, letters or a combination of letters and numbers) or symbols adopted for electrical circuits (see 5.2.11).

Line designations are set in accordance with the requirements given in GOST 2.721.

Electrical interconnection lines merged into a group interconnection line, as a rule, should not have branches, i.e. Each conditional number must appear on the group interconnection line twice. If branches are necessary, their number is indicated after the serial number of the line through a fractional line (see Figure 4).

Figure 4

5.2.14 It is allowed, if this does not complicate the diagram, to connect separately depicted parts of elements with a line of mechanical interconnection, indicating that they belong to one element.

In this case, the positional designations of the elements are placed at one or both ends of the mechanical interconnection line.

5.2.15 The diagram should indicate:

- for each functional group - the designation assigned to it on the circuit diagram and (or) its name; if a functional group is depicted as a UGO, then its name is not indicated;

- for each device shown in the form of a rectangle - the position designation assigned to it on the circuit diagram, its name and type and (or) designation of the document (main design document, standard, technical specifications) on the basis of which this device is used;

- for each device depicted as a UGO - the position designation assigned to it on the circuit diagram, its type and (or) document designation;

- for each element - the position designation assigned to it on the circuit diagram, and (or) its type.

The designation of the document on the basis of which the device is used and the type of element may not be indicated.

It is recommended to write names, types and designations in rectangles.

5.3 Rules for implementing circuit diagrams

5.3.1 The schematic diagram shows all electrical elements or devices necessary for the implementation and control of established electrical processes in the product, all electrical connections between them, as well as electrical elements (connectors, clamps, etc.) that terminate the input and output chains.

5.3.2 The diagram may depict connecting and mounting elements installed in the product for structural reasons.

5.3.3 The diagrams are performed for products in the off position.

In technically justified cases, it is allowed to depict individual elements of the diagram in the selected operating position, indicating in the diagram field the mode for which these elements are depicted.

5.3.4 Elements and devices, the UGOs of which are established in the ESKD standards, are depicted on the diagram in the form of these UGOs.

Note - If the UGO is not established by the standards, then the developer performs the UGO in the margins of the diagram and gives explanations.

5.3.5 Elements or devices partially used in the product may be shown incompletely on the diagram, limited to depicting only the parts or elements used.

5.3.6 When implementing the circuit diagram, it is allowed to use the provisions specified in 5.2.4-5.2.14.

5.3.7 Each element and (or) device that has an independent circuit diagram and is considered as an element included in the product and shown in the diagram must have a designation (position designation) in accordance with GOST 2.710.

It is recommended that devices that do not have independent circuit diagrams and functional groups be assigned designations in accordance with GOST 2.710.

5.3.8 Position designations should be assigned to elements (devices) within the product (installation).

5.3.9 Sequence numbers for elements (devices) should be assigned, starting from one, within a group of elements (devices) that are assigned the same letter position designation in the diagram, for example, , , etc., , , etc.

5.3.10 Sequence numbers should be assigned in accordance with the sequence of arrangement of elements or devices on the diagram from top to bottom in the direction from left to right.

If necessary, it is possible to change the sequence of assigning serial numbers depending on the placement of elements in the product, the direction of signal flow or the functional sequence of the process.

When changes are made to the scheme, the sequence of assigning serial numbers can be changed.

5.3.11 Position designations are placed on the diagram next to the UGO of elements and (or) devices on the right side or above them.

It is allowed to place the position designation inside the UGO rectangle.

5.3.12 On a diagram of a product that includes devices that do not have independent circuit diagrams, it is allowed to assign positional designations to elements within each device.

If the product includes several identical devices, then position designations should be assigned to the elements within these devices.

Serial numbers should be assigned to elements according to the rules established in 5.3.9.

Elements not included in the devices are assigned positional designations starting from one, according to the rules established in 5.3.8-5.3.10.

5.3.13 On a diagram of a product that includes functional groups, positional designations are assigned to elements according to the rules established in 5.3.8-5.3.10, and first, positional designations are assigned to elements not included in the functional groups, and then to elements included into functional groups.

If a product contains several identical functional groups, the position designations of elements assigned in one of these groups should be repeated in all subsequent groups.

The designation of the functional group, assigned in accordance with GOST 2.710, is indicated near the image of the functional group (top or right).

5.3.14 When depicting an element or device on a diagram in an exploded manner, the position designation of the element or device is placed near each component (see Figure 5).

Figure 5

If the diagram field is divided into zones or the diagram is made in a line-by-line manner, then to the right of the positional designation or under the positional designation of each component part of an element or device, it is allowed to indicate in brackets the zone designations or line numbers in which all other components of this element or device are shown (see Figure 6).

Figure 6

When depicting an element or device on a diagram in an exploded manner, it is allowed to place the positional designation of each component part of the element or device, as in the combined method, but indicating the pin designations (contacts) for each part.

5.3.15 When depicting individual elements of devices in different places, the positional designations of these elements must include the positional designation of the device they are included in, for example =A3-C5 - capacitor C5 included in device A3.

5.3.16 When using a spaced method of depicting a functional group (if necessary, a combined method), the positional designations of the elements included in this group must include the designation of the functional group, for example T1-C5 - capacitor C5, part of the T1 functional group.

5.3.17 With a single-line image, near one UGO, replacing several UGO of identical elements or devices, indicate the positional designations of all these elements or devices.

If the same elements or devices are not located in all circuits shown in a single line, then to the right of the reference designation or below it in square brackets indicate the designations of the circuits in which these elements or devices are located (see Figure 3).

5.3.18 The schematic diagram must clearly identify all elements and devices included in the product and shown in the diagram.

Data on elements should be recorded in a list of elements, drawn up in the form of a table in accordance with GOST 2.701. In this case, the connection of the list with the UGO elements should be carried out through positional designations.

For electronic documents the list of elements is drawn up in a separate document.

When including circuit elements in ESI (GOST 2.053), a list of elements drawn up in accordance with GOST 2.701 is recommended to be obtained from it in the form of a report.

In some cases, established by the standards, it is allowed to place all information about the elements near the UGO.

5.3.19 In case of a complex entry, for example, when a device that does not have an independent circuit diagram includes one or more devices that have independent circuit diagrams and (or) functional groups, or if a functional group includes one or more devices, etc. etc., then in the list of elements in the “Name” column, before the names of devices that do not have independent circuit diagrams and functional groups, it is allowed to put down serial numbers (i.e., similar to the designation of sections, subsections, etc.) within the entire product diagram (see Figure 7). Functional units or devices (including those made on a separate board) are highlighted with dashed lines. If in the diagram the position designation of an element includes the position designation of the device or the designation of the functional group, then in the list of elements in the column “Position designation” the position designation of the element is indicated without the position designation of the device or the designation of the functional group.

Figure 7

5.3.20 When indicating the values ​​of resistors and capacitors near the UGO (see Figure 8), it is allowed to use a simplified method of designating units of quantities:

- for resistors:

from 0 to 999 Ohm - without specifying units,

from 1·10 to 999·10 Ohm - in kilo-ohms with the unit denoted by a lowercase letter k,

from 1·10 to 999·10 Ohm - in megaohms with the unit denoted by the capital letter M,

over 1·10 ohms - in gigaohms with the unit denoted by the capital letter G;

- for capacitors:

from 0 to 9999·12 F* - in picofarads without indicating the unit of value,
________________
* The text of the document corresponds to the original. - Database manufacturer's note.


from 1·10 to 9999·10 F - in microfarads with the unit of magnitude designated in lowercase letters mk.

Figure 8

5.3.21 The diagram should indicate the designations of the terminals (contacts) of the elements (devices) printed on the product or installed in their documentation.

If the design of the element (device) and its documentation do not indicate the designations of the pins (contacts), then it is allowed to conditionally assign designations to them on the diagram, repeating them later in the corresponding design documents.

When conditionally assigning designations to pins (contacts), a corresponding explanation is placed in the diagram field.

When depicting several identical elements (devices) on a diagram, the designations of pins (contacts) are allowed to be indicated on one of them.

In the spaced method of depicting identical elements (devices), the pin designations (contacts) are indicated on each component part of the element (device).

To distinguish the terminal (contact) designations on the diagram from other designations (circuit designations, etc.), it is allowed to write the terminal (contact) designations with a qualifying symbol in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2.710.

5.3.22 When depicting an element or device in a spaced manner, an explanatory inscription is placed near one component of the product or in the diagram field near the image of an element or device made in a combined method.

5.3.23 It is recommended to indicate on the diagram the characteristics of the input and output circuits of the product (frequency, voltage, current, resistance, inductance, etc.), as well as parameters to be measured at control contacts, sockets, etc.

If it is impossible to indicate the characteristics or parameters of the input and output circuits of the product, then it is recommended to indicate the name of the circuits or controlled quantities.

5.3.24 If a product is obviously intended to operate only in a specific product (installation), then the diagram may indicate the addresses of external connections of the input and output circuits of this product. The address must ensure unambiguous connection, for example, if the output contact of the product must be connected to the fifth contact of the third connector of the device, then the address should be written as follows: =3:5.

It is allowed to indicate the address in a general form if the unambiguous connection is ensured, for example, “Device A”.

5.3.25 It is recommended to record the characteristics of the input and output circuits of the product, as well as the addresses of their external connections, in tables placed instead of the UGO input and output elements - connectors, boards, etc. (see Figure 9).

Figure 9

Above the table it is allowed to indicate the UGO of the contact - socket or pin.

Tables can be executed in a spaced manner.

The order of the contacts in the table is determined by the convenience of constructing the circuit.

It is allowed to place tables with the characteristics of circuits if there are input and output elements on the UGO diagram - connectors, boards, etc. (see Figure 10).

Figure 10

It is recommended to place similar tables on lines depicting input and output circuits and not ending with connectors, boards, etc. on the diagram. In this case, positional designations are not assigned to the tables.

Notes

1 If there are several tables in the diagram, it is allowed to show the head of the table in only one of them.

2 If there are no characteristics of the input and output circuits or addresses of their external connection, the table does not provide a column with this data.

If necessary, additional columns can be entered into the table.

3 Allowed to be entered in the "Contact" column. several consecutive contact numbers if they are connected to each other. Contact numbers are separated by a comma.

5.3.26 When depicting multi-contact connectors on a diagram, it is allowed to use UGOs that do not show individual contacts (GOST 2.755).

Information about the connection of connector contacts is indicated in one of the following ways:

- near the image of the connectors, on the free field of the diagram or on subsequent sheets of the diagram, place tables in which the connection address is indicated [circuit designation (see Figure 11 A) and (or) position designation of elements connected to this contact (see Figure 11 b)].

Figure 11

If necessary, the table indicates the characteristics of the circuits and the addresses of external connections (see Figure 11 A).

If tables are placed on the diagram field or on subsequent sheets, then they are assigned positional designations of the connectors to which they are compiled.



in the column "Cont." - connector contact number. Contact numbers are written in ascending order,

in the "Address" column - designation of the circuit and (or) position designation of the elements connected to the contacts,

in the "Chain" column - the characteristics of the circuit,

in the "External address" column - the address of the external connection;

- connections with connector contacts are depicted in a spaced manner (see Figure 12).

Figure 12

Notes

1 Dots connected by a dashed line to a connector indicate connections to the corresponding pins of that connector.

2 If necessary, the characteristics of the circuits are placed on the free field of the diagram above the continuation of the interconnection lines.

5.3.27 When depicting elements on a diagram whose parameters are selected during regulation, asterisks are placed near the positional designations of these elements on the diagram and in the list of elements (for example *), and a footnote is placed in the diagram field: “*Selected during regulation.”

The list should include elements whose parameters are closest to the calculated ones.

The limiting values ​​of element parameters allowed during selection are indicated in the list in the “Note” column.

If the parameter selected during regulation is provided by elements various types, then these elements are listed in the technical requirements in the diagram field, and the following data is indicated in the columns of the list of elements:

in the "Name" column - the name of the element and the parameter closest to the calculated one;

in the "Note" column - a link to the corresponding paragraph of the technical requirements and the maximum parameter values ​​​​allowed for selection.

5.3.28 If parallel or serial connection carried out to obtain a certain parameter value (capacitance or resistance of a certain value), then in the list of elements in the “Notes” column indicate the general (total) parameter of the elements (for example, 151 kOhm).

5.3.29 When depicting a device (or devices) in the form of a rectangle, it is allowed to place tables with the characteristics of input and output circuits in the rectangle instead of the UGO input and output elements (see Figure 13), and outside the rectangle it is allowed to place tables indicating the addresses of external connections (see Figure 14).

Figure 13

Figure 14

If necessary, additional columns can be entered into the tables.

Each table is assigned a positional designation of the element in place of which it is placed.

In the table, instead of the word "Cont." It is allowed to place a conventional graphic designation of the connector contact (see Figure 14).

On the product diagram, it is allowed to place structural or functional diagrams of devices in rectangles representing devices, or to repeat their circuit diagrams in whole or in part.

The elements of these devices are not included in the list of elements.

If the product includes several identical devices, then it is recommended to place the device diagram in a free field of the product diagram (and not in a rectangle) with an appropriate inscription, for example, “Block diagram A1-A4”, or when such a block appears for the first time, open its diagram, and then designate similar blocks with rectangles with the corresponding letter designation.

5.3.30 In the diagram field, it is allowed to place instructions on the brands, sections and colors of wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) that must be used to connect the elements, as well as instructions on the specific requirements for the electrical installation of this product.

5.4 Rules for executing connection diagrams

5.4.1 The connection diagram should show all devices and elements included in the product, their input and output elements (connectors, boards, clamps, etc.), as well as connections between these devices and elements.

5.4.2 Devices and elements in the diagram depict:

- devices - in the form of rectangles or simplified external outlines;

- elements - in the form of UGO, rectangles or simplified external outlines.

When depicting elements in the form of rectangles or simplified external outlines, it is allowed to place the UGO elements inside them.

Input and output elements are depicted as UGO.

It is allowed to display input and output elements according to the rules established in 5.3.25, 5.3.26 and 5.3.29.

5.4.3 The location of graphic symbols of devices and elements on the diagram should approximately correspond to the actual placement of elements and devices in the product.

The arrangement of images of input and output elements or terminals within graphic symbols and devices or elements should approximately correspond to their actual placement in the device or element.

It is allowed on the diagram not to reflect the location of devices and elements in the product if the diagram is made on several sheets or the placement of devices and elements at the site of operation is unknown.

5.4.4 Elements that are partially used in the product may be shown incompletely on the diagram, limiting the image to only the parts used.

5.4.5 On the diagram, next to the graphic designations of devices and elements, indicate the position designations assigned to them on the circuit diagram.

Near or inside the graphic designation of the device, it is allowed to indicate its name, type and (or) designation of the document on the basis of which the device was used.

5.4.6 The diagram should indicate the designations of the terminals (contacts) of the elements (devices) printed on the product or installed in their documentation.

If the design of a device or element and its documentation do not indicate the designations of input and output elements (outputs), then it is allowed to conditionally assign designations to them on the diagram, repeating them later in the corresponding design documents.

When conditionally assigning designations to input and output elements (outputs), a corresponding explanation is placed in the diagram field.

When depicting several identical devices on a diagram, it is allowed to indicate the terminals on one of them (for example, the pinout of electric vacuum devices).

5.4.7 Devices and elements with the same external connections may be depicted on a diagram indicating the connection for only one device or element.

5.4.8 Devices that have independent connection diagrams may be depicted on the product diagram without showing the connection of wires and cable cores (multi-core wires, electrical cords) to the input and output elements.

5.4.9 When depicting connectors on a diagram, it is allowed to use UGOs that do not show individual contacts (GOST 2.755).

In this case, near the image of the connector, on the diagram field or on subsequent sheets of the diagram, tables are placed indicating the connection of the contacts (see Figure 15).

Figure 15

When placing tables on the diagram field or on subsequent sheets, they are assigned positional designations of the connectors in addition to which they are compiled.

It is allowed to enter additional columns into the table (for example, wire data).

If a harness (cable - stranded wire, electrical cord, group of wires) connects connector contacts of the same name, then it is permissible to place a table near one end of the image of the bundle (cable - stranded wire, electrical cord, group of wires).

If information about connecting contacts is given in the connection table, then tables indicating the connection of contacts may not be placed in the diagram.

5.4.10 On the product diagram, it is allowed to depict their structural, functional or circuit diagrams inside rectangles or simplified external outlines depicting devices.

5.4.11 If there is no schematic diagram of the product on the connection diagram, assign positional designations to devices, as well as elements that are not included in the schematic diagrams of the component parts of the product, according to the rules established in 5.3.7-5.3.11, and write them down in the list of elements.

5.4.12 On the product connection diagram it is allowed to show external connections products according to the rules established in 5.5.8, 5.5.9.

5.4.13 Wires, groups of wires, bundles and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) must be shown in the diagram as separate lines. The thickness of the lines representing wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) on the diagrams should be from 0.4 to 1 mm.

To simplify the drawing of the diagram, it is allowed to twist individual wires or cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) running in one direction on the diagram into a common line.

When approaching the contacts, each wire and core of the cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) is depicted as a separate line.

It is allowed that lines depicting wires, groups of wires, bundles and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) are not drawn or cut off near the connection points if their image makes it difficult to read the diagram.

In these cases, on the diagram near the connection points (see Figure 16) or in the table in the free field of the diagram (see Figure 17), information is placed in a volume sufficient to ensure an unambiguous connection.

Figure 16 Figure 17

5.4.14 On a diagram of a product that includes multi-contact elements, lines representing bundles (cables - stranded wires, electrical cords, groups of wires) may only be extended to the outline of the graphic designation of the element, without showing connections to the contacts.

Instructions for connecting wires or cable cores (stranded wire, electrical cord) to the contacts are given in this case in one of the following ways:

- at the contacts, the ends of the lines representing the wires or cores of the cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) are shown, and their designations are indicated. The ends of the lines are directed towards the corresponding harness, cable (stranded wire, electrical cord), group of wires (see Figure 18);

- near the image of the multi-contact element there is a table indicating the connection of the contacts. The table is connected by a leader line with the corresponding harness, cable (stranded wire, electrical cord), or group of wires (see Figure 19).

Figure 18

Figure 19

5.4.15 The input elements through which the wires pass (group of wires, bundles, cables - stranded wires, electrical cords) are depicted in the form of UGOs established in the ESKD standards.

Bushings, sealed leads, seals, contacts and holders sealed in printed circuit board, are depicted in the form of UGO shown in Figure 20.

A- a line representing a wire (group of wires, harness, cable - stranded wire, electrical cord)

Figure 20

5.4.16 The diagram should indicate the designations of the input elements marked on the product.

If the designations of the input elements are not indicated in the product design, then it is allowed to conditionally assign them designations on the connection diagram, repeating them in the corresponding design documentation. In this case, the necessary explanations are placed in the diagram field.

5.4.17 Single-core wires, bundles, cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) must be designated by serial numbers within the product.

Wires, bundles, cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) should be numbered separately. In this case, the wires included in the bundle are numbered within the bundle, and the cores of the cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) are numbered within the cable (stranded wire, electrical cord).

Notes

1 Continuous numbering of all wires and cable cores (multi-core wires, electrical cords) within the product is allowed.

2 Continuous numbering of individual wires, bundles and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) within the product is allowed. In this case, the wires included in the bundle are numbered within the bundle, and the cores of the cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) are numbered within the cable (stranded wire, electrical cord).

3 It is allowed not to designate bundles, cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) and individual wires if the product for which the diagram is being drawn up is included in the complex and the designations for the bundles, cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) and wires will be assigned within the entire complex.

4 It is allowed to assign designations to groups of wires.

5.4.18 If on the circuit diagram electrical circuits designations are assigned in accordance with GOST 2.709, then all single-core wires, cable cores (multi-core wires, electrical cords) and harness wires are assigned the same designations. In this case, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) are designated in accordance with the requirements of 5.4.17.

5.4.19 On the diagram, using an alphanumeric designation, it is possible to determine the functional affiliation of a wire, harness or cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) to a specific complex, room or functional circuit.

An alphanumeric designation is placed before the designation of each wire, harness, cable (stranded wire, electrical cord), separating it with a hyphen. In this case, the letter (alphanumeric) designation is included in the designation of each wire, harness and cable (stranded wire, electrical cord).

A hyphen may be omitted from the designation if this does not make the diagram unclear.

If all the wires, harnesses, cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) shown in the diagram belong to the same complex, room or functional circuit, then the letter (alphanumeric) designation is not put down, but a corresponding explanation is placed in the diagram field.

5.4.20 The numbers of wires and cable cores (multi-core wires, electrical cords) on the diagram are usually placed near both ends of the images.

The numbers of cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) are placed in circles placed in the breaks in the images of cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) near the points where the conductors branch.

The harness numbers are placed on the shelves of leader lines near the places where the wires branch.

The numbers of wire groups are placed next to the leader lines.

Notes

1 When designating cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) in accordance with the requirements of 5.4.19, as well as when there is a large number of cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) running in the same direction in the diagram, numbers of cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) are allowed. insert lines without a circle in the gap.

2 When depicting wires, harnesses and cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) of a large length on the diagram, numbers are placed at intervals determined by the ease of use of the diagram.

5.4.21 The diagram should indicate:



- for cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) recorded in the specification as material, - brand, number and cross-section of cores and, if necessary, the number of occupied cores. The number of occupied cores is indicated in a rectangle placed to the right of the cable data designation (stranded wire, electrical cord);

- for harnesses, cables and wires manufactured separately - designation of the main design document.

The diagram shows the characteristics of the input and output circuits of devices and elements or other initial data necessary for selecting specific wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords), if, when developing a circuit diagram of the complex, data on wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) cannot be determined.

It is recommended to indicate the characteristics of input and output circuits in the form of tables (see 5.3.25), placed instead of conventional graphic symbols of input and output elements.

5.4.22 Data (brand, cross-section, etc.) about wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) are indicated near the lines depicting wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords).

In this case, it is permissible not to assign designations to wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords).

When indicating data on wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) in the form of symbols, these symbols are deciphered on the diagram field.

The same brand, cross-section and other data on all or most wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) may be indicated in the diagram field.

5.4.23 If the diagram does not indicate the connection points (for example, individual contacts are not shown in the image of the connectors) or it is difficult to find the connection points of wires and cable cores (stranded wire, electrical cord), then data on wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) and the addresses of their connections are summarized in a table called the “Connection Table”. The connection table should be placed on the first sheet of the diagram or executed as a separate document.

The connection table, placed on the first sheet of the diagram, is usually placed above the main inscription. The distance between the table and the main inscription must be at least 12 mm.

The continuation of the connection table is placed to the left of the main inscription, repeating the head of the table.

The connection table in the form of an independent document is carried out in A4 format. The main inscription and additional columns to it are carried out in accordance with GOST 2.104 (forms 2 and 2a).

5.4.24 The form of the connection table is chosen by the circuit designer depending on the information that needs to be placed on the circuit (see Figure 21).

Figure 21

The following data is indicated in the columns of the tables:

in the column “Wire designation” - designation of a single-core wire, cable core (multi-core wire, electrical cord) or wire harness;

in the columns “Where it comes from”, “Where it goes” - conventional alphanumeric designations of the connected elements or devices;

in the “Connections” column - conventional alphanumeric designations of the elements or devices being connected, separated by a comma;

in the "Wire data" column:

- for a single-core wire - brand, cross-section and, if necessary, color in accordance with the document on the basis of which it is used;

- for a cable (stranded wire, electrical cord), recorded in the specification as a material, - brand, cross-section and number of cores in accordance with the document on the basis of which the cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) is used;

in the "Note" column - additional clarifying data.

Notes

2 It is allowed to divide graphs into subgraphs.

5.4.25 When filling out the connection table, you should adhere to the following order:

- when making connections with separate wires, the wires are recorded in the table in ascending order of the numbers assigned to them;

- when making connections with wire harnesses or cable cores (stranded wires, electrical cords), before recording the wires of each bundle or cores of each cable (stranded wire, electrical cord), place a heading, for example: “Harness 1” or “Harness ABVG.ХХХХХ.032” ; "Cable 3" or "Cable ABVG.ХХХХХХ.042"; "Wire 5". The wires of a cable harness or core (stranded wire, electrical cord) are recorded in ascending order of the numbers assigned to the wires or cores;

- when making connections with individual wires, wire harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords), individual wires (without headings) are first recorded in the connection table, and then (with appropriate headings) wire harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords).

If insulating tubes, shielding braids, etc. must be placed on individual wires, then the corresponding instructions are placed in the “Note” column. It is allowed to place these instructions on the diagram field.

Note - When using a wiring diagram for electrical installations only, a different writing order is permitted if it is established in industry standards.

5.4.26 On the connection diagram, near both ends of the lines depicting individual wires, wires of bundles and cable cores (multi-core wires, electrical cords), it is allowed to indicate the address of the connections. In this case, the connection table is not compiled. Designations may not be assigned to wires.

5.4.27 It is allowed to place the necessary technical instructions in the diagram field above the main inscription, for example:

- requirements for the inadmissibility of joint installation of certain wires, harnesses and cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords);

- minimum permissible distances between wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords); data on the specificity of laying and protecting wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords), etc.

5.5 Rules for executing connection diagrams

5.5.1 The connection diagram must show the product, its input and output elements (connectors, clamps, etc.) and the ends of wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) connected to them for external installation, near which connection information is placed products [characteristics of external circuits and (or) addresses].

5.5.2 The product in the diagram is depicted as a rectangle, and its input and output elements are represented as UGO.

It is allowed to depict the product in the form of simplified external outlines. In this case, the input and output elements are depicted in the form of simplified external outlines.

5.5.3 The placement of images of input and output elements inside the graphic designation of the product should approximately correspond to their actual placement in the product.

5.5.4 The diagram should indicate the positional designations of the input and output elements assigned to them on the circuit diagram of the product.

5.5.5 Input elements (for example, glands, sealed leads, bushings, contacts and holders soldered into a printed circuit board) through which wires or cables pass (stranded wires, electrical cords, coaxial cables) are depicted on the diagram according to the rules established in 5.4.15.

5.5.6 The diagram should indicate the designations of input, output or output elements printed on the product.

If the designations of the input, output and output elements are not indicated in the product design, then it is allowed to conditionally assign them designations on the diagram, repeating them in the corresponding design documentation. In this case, the necessary explanations are placed in the diagram field.

5.5.7 On the diagram near the UGO connectors to which wires and cables are connected (stranded wires, electrical cords), it is allowed to indicate the names of these connectors and (or) the designations of the documents on the basis of which they are used.

5.5.8 Wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) must be shown on the diagram as separate lines.

5.5.9 If necessary, the diagram indicates the brands, cross-sections, colors of wires, as well as the brands of cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords), the number, cross-section and occupancy of cores.

When indicating the brands, sections and colors of wires in the form of symbols on the diagram field, these symbols are deciphered.

5.6 Rules for executing general schemes

5.6.1 The general diagram shows the devices and elements included in the complex, as well as the wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) connecting these devices and elements.

5.6.2 Devices and elements on the diagram are depicted in the form of rectangles. It is allowed to depict elements in the form of UGO or simplified external outlines, and devices - in the form of simplified external outlines.

The location of graphic symbols of devices and elements on the diagram should approximately correspond to the actual placement of elements and devices in the product.

It is allowed on the diagram not to reflect the location of devices and elements in the product if their location at the site of operation is unknown.

In these cases, graphic symbols of devices and elements must be arranged in such a way as to ensure simplicity and clarity of display of electrical connections between them.

5.6.3 On graphic designations of devices and elements, input, output and input elements are depicted according to the rules established in 5.4.9, 5.4.15.

The location of the UGO input, output and input elements inside the images of devices and elements should approximately correspond to their actual placement in the product. If, to ensure clarity of the display of connections, the location of the graphic symbols of these elements does not correspond to their actual placement in the product, then an appropriate explanation must be placed in the diagram field.

5.6.4 The diagram must indicate:

- for each device or element depicted in the form of a rectangle or a simplified external outline - their name and type and (or) designation of the document on the basis of which they are applied;

- for each element depicted as a UGO - its type and (or) document designation.

5.6.5 It is recommended that devices and elements grouped into posts and (or) premises be recorded in a list by post and (or) premises.

5.6.6 The diagram should indicate the designations of input, output and input elements marked on the product.

If the designations of input, output and input elements are not indicated in the product design, then it is allowed to conditionally assign designations to these elements in the diagram, repeating them in the corresponding design documentation. In this case, the necessary explanations are placed in the diagram field.

5.6.7 On the diagram it is allowed to indicate the designations of connector documents on the shelves of leader lines, as well as the number of connector contacts, using their next UGO (see Figure 22).

Figure 22

5.6.8 Wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) must be shown on the diagram as separate lines and designated separately by serial numbers within the product.

Continuous numbering of wires, bundles and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) within the product is allowed if the wires included in the bundles are numbered within each bundle.

If on the circuit diagram electrical circuits are assigned designations in accordance with GOST 2.709, then all single-core wires, cable cores (multi-core wires, electrical cords) and harness wires are assigned the same designations.

5.6.9 If the product for which the circuit is being developed includes several complexes, then single-core wires, cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) and bundles should be numbered within each complex.

The belonging of a single-core wire, bundle, cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) to a specific complex is determined using an alphanumeric designation placed before the number of each single-core wire, bundle and cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) and separated by a hyphen.

5.6.10 It is allowed on the diagram, using an alphanumeric designation, to determine the belonging of a wire, harness or cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) to certain rooms or functional circuits according to the rules established in 5.4.19.

5.6.11 The numbers of single-core wires in the diagram are placed near the ends of the images; numbers of single-core short wires, which are clearly visible in the diagram, can be placed near the middle of the images.

5.6.12 The numbers of cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) are indicated in circles placed in the breaks in the images of cables (stranded wires, electrical cords).

Note - When designating cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) in accordance with the requirements of 5.6.9, 5.6.10, the designations are not included in the circle.

5.6.13 Harness numbers are placed on the shelves of leader lines.

5.6.14 On the diagram near the image of single-core wires, harnesses and cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords), the following data is indicated:

- for single-core wires - brand, cross-section and, if necessary, color;

- for cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords), recorded in the specification as material, - brand, number and cross-section of cores;

- for wires, cables and harnesses made according to drawings - designation of the main design document.

If, when developing a diagram, data on wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) laid during installation cannot be determined, then the diagram provides appropriate explanations indicating the initial data necessary for selecting specific wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) ).

If there are a large number of connections, it is recommended to write down the specified information in the list of wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords).

5.6.15 The list of wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) (see Figure 23) is placed on the first sheet of the diagram, as a rule, above the main inscription or made in the form of subsequent sheets.

Figure 23

The list columns indicate the following data:

in the "Designation" column - designation of the main design document of the wire, cable (stranded wire, electrical cord), harness, manufactured according to the drawings;

in the "Note" column - cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) supplied with the complex or laid during its installation.

Cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) laid during installation may not be included in the list.

5.6.16 The general diagram, if possible, should be completed on one sheet. If the diagram cannot be completed on one sheet due to the complexity of the product, then:

- on the first sheet, the product as a whole is drawn, depicting posts and (or) premises with conventional outlines and showing connections between posts and (or) premises;

- inside the conventional outlines of posts and (or) premises, only those devices and elements are depicted to which wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) connecting posts and (or) premises are supplied;

- on other sheets, diagrams of individual posts and (or) premises or groups of posts and (or) premises are completely drawn;

- the general diagram of each complex is performed on a separate sheet if the product includes several complexes.

5.7 Rules for executing layout diagrams

5.7.1 The layout diagram shows the component parts of the product, and, if necessary, connections between them, the structure, room or area on which these components will be located.

5.7.2 The components of the product are depicted in the form of simplified external outlines or conventional graphic symbols.

5.7.3 Wires, groups of wires, bundles and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) are depicted as separate lines or simplified external outlines.

5.7.4 The location of graphic symbols of the component parts of the product on the diagram should approximately correspond to the actual placement in the structure, room, or area.

5.7.5 When implementing the layout diagram, it is allowed to use various ways construction (axonometry, plan, conditional development, section of the structure, etc.).

5.7.6 The diagram should indicate:

- for each device or element depicted in the form of a simplified external outline - their name and type and (or) designation of the document on the basis of which they are applied;

- for each element depicted in the form of a conventional graphic symbol, its type and (or) document designation.

If there are a large number of devices and elements, it is recommended to record this information in the list of elements.

In this case, positional designations are placed next to the graphic designations of devices and elements.



Electronic document text
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
M.: Standartinform, 2011

To understand what exactly is shown on a diagram or drawing, you need to know the decoding of the icons that are on it. This recognition is also called blueprint reading. And to make this task easier, almost all elements have their own symbols. Almost, because the standards have not been updated for a long time and some elements are drawn by everyone as best they can. But, for the most part, symbols in electrical diagrams are in regulatory documents.

Symbols in electrical circuits: lamps, transformers, measuring instruments, basic components

Normative base

There are about a dozen varieties of electrical circuits, the number various elements, which can be found there, number in the tens if not hundreds. To make it easier to recognize these elements, uniform symbols have been introduced in electrical circuits. All rules are prescribed in GOSTs. There are many of these standards, but the main information is in the following standards:

Studying GOSTs is useful, but it requires time, which not everyone has enough of. Therefore, in the article we will present symbols in electrical circuits - the basic element base for creating drawings and wiring diagrams, circuit diagrams of devices.

Some experts, after carefully looking at the diagram, can say what it is and how it works. Some can even immediately issue possible problems that may arise during operation. It’s simple - they know the circuit design and element base well, and are also well versed in the symbols of circuit elements. This skill takes years to develop, but for dummies, it’s important to remember the most common ones first.

Electrical panels, cabinets, boxes

On the electrical supply diagrams of a house or apartment there will definitely be a symbol or cabinet. In apartments, the terminal device is mainly installed there, since the wiring does not go further. In houses, they can design the installation of a branching electrical cabinet - if there is a route from it to illuminate other buildings located at some distance from the house - a bathhouse, a guest house. These other symbols are in the next picture.

If we talk about images of the “filling” of electrical panels, it is also standardized. There are RCD symbols, circuit breakers, buttons, current and voltage transformers and some other elements. They are shown in the following table (the table has two pages, scroll by clicking on the word “Next”)

Number	Name	Image on the diagram
1	Circuit breaker (automatic)
2	Switch (load switch)
3	Thermal relay (overheat protection)
4	RCD (residual current device)
5	Differential automatic (difavtomat)
6	Fuse
7	Switch (switch) with fuse
8	Circuit breaker with built-in thermal relay (for motor protection)
9	Current transformer
10	Voltage transformer
11	Electricity meter
12	A frequency converter
13	Button with automatic opening of contacts after pressing
14	Button with contact opening when pressed again
15	A button with a special switch to turn off (stop, for example)

Element base for electrical wiring diagrams

When drawing up or reading a diagram, the designations of wires, terminals, grounding, zero, etc. are also useful. This is what a novice electrician simply needs, or in order to understand what is shown in the drawing and in what sequence its elements are connected.

Number	Name	Designation of electrical elements on diagrams
1	Phase conductor
2	Neutral (zero working) N
3	Protective conductor (ground) PE
4	Combined protective and neutral conductors PEN
5	Electrical communication line, buses
6	Bus (if it needs to be allocated)
7	Busbar taps (made by soldering)

Example using the above graphic images is in the following diagram. Thanks to the letter designations, everything is clear even without graphics, but duplication of information in diagrams has never been superfluous.

Picture of sockets

The wiring diagram should indicate the installation locations of sockets and switches. There are many types of sockets - 220 V, 380 V, hidden and open type of installation, with a different number of “seats”, waterproof, etc. To give a designation for each is too long and unnecessary. It is important to remember how the main groups are depicted, and the number of contact groups is determined by the strokes.

Designation of sockets in the drawings

Sockets for a single-phase 220 V network are indicated on the diagrams in the form of a semicircle with one or more segments sticking up. The number of segments is the number of sockets on one body (illustration in the photo below). If only one plug can be plugged into the socket, one segment is drawn upward, if two, two, etc.

If you look at the images closely, notice that the symbolic image that is on the right does not have a horizontal line that separates the two parts of the icon. This line indicates that the socket is concealed, that is, it is necessary to make a hole in the wall for it, install a socket box, etc. The option on the right is for open mounting. A non-conductive substrate is attached to the wall, and the socket itself is on it.

Also note that the bottom of the left diagram has a vertical line through it. This indicates the presence of a protective contact to which grounding is connected. Installation of sockets with grounding is mandatory when turning on complex household appliances such as a washing machine, oven, etc.

The symbol of a three-phase outlet (380 V) cannot be confused with anything. The number of segments sticking up is equal to the number of conductors that this device connected - three phases, zero and ground. Total five.

It happens that the lower part of the image is painted black (dark). This means that the outlet is waterproof. These are placed outdoors, in rooms with high humidity (baths, swimming pools, etc.).

Switch Display

The schematic designation of switches looks like a small circle with one or more L- or T-shaped branches. Taps in the shape of the letter “G” indicate an open-mounted circuit breaker, while those in the shape of the letter “T” indicate a flush-mounted switch. The number of taps displays the number of keys on this device.

In addition to the usual ones, they can stand - to be able to turn on/off one light source from several points. Two letters “G” are added to the same small circle on opposite sides. This is how a single-key pass-through switch is designated.

Unlike conventional switches, when using two-key models, another bar is added parallel to the top one.

Lamps and fixtures

Lamps have their own designations. And the lamps are different daylight(fluorescent) and incandescent lamps. The diagrams even show the shape and dimensions of the lamps. In this case, you just need to remember what each type of lamp looks like on the diagram.

Radioelements

When reading circuit diagrams of devices, you need to know the symbols of diodes, resistors, and other similar elements.

Knowledge of conventional graphic elements will help you read almost any diagram - any device or electrical wiring. The values ​​of the required parts are sometimes indicated next to the image, but in large multi-element circuits they are written in a separate table. They stand in it letter designations circuit elements and ratings.

Letter designations

In addition to the fact that the elements on the diagrams have conventional graphic names, they have letter designations, which are also standardized (GOST 7624-55).

Please note that in most cases Russian letters are used, but the resistor, capacitor and inductor are designated by Latin letters.

There is one subtlety in the designation of the relay. They are different types, are marked accordingly:

• current relay - RT;
• power - RM;
• voltage - RN;
• time - RV;
• resistance - RS;
• index - RU;
• intermediate - RP;
• gas - RG;
• with time delay - RTV.

Basically, these are only the most conventional symbols in electrical circuits. But you can now understand most of the drawings and plans. If you need to know images of rarer elements, study GOST standards.

Electrical diagram- this is a text that describes with certain symbols the content and operation of an electrical device or a set of devices, which allows this text to be expressed in a concise form.

In order to read any text, you need to know the alphabet and reading rules. So, to read diagrams, you should know the symbols - conventions and rules for deciphering their combinations.

The basis of any electrical circuit is graphic symbols various elements and devices, as well as connections between them. The language of modern circuits emphasizes in symbols the main functions that the depicted element performs in the circuit. All correct conventional graphic designations of electrical circuit elements and their individual parts are given in the form of tables in the standards.

Conventional graphic symbols are formed from simple geometric shapes: squares, rectangles, circles, as well as from solid and dashed lines and dots. Their combination according to a special system, which is provided by the standard, makes it possible to easily depict everything that is required: various electrical devices, instruments, electrical machines, mechanical and electrical connection lines, types of winding connections, type of current, nature and methods of regulation, etc.

In addition, in the graphic symbols on electrical circuit diagrams In addition, special symbols are used to explain the operating features of a particular circuit element.

For example, there are three types of contacts - normally open, normally closed and switching. The symbols reflect only the main function of the contact - closing and opening the circuit. To specify additional functionality For a specific contact, the standard provides for the use of special signs applied to the image of the moving part of the contact. Additional signs allow you to find contacts, time relays, limit switches, etc. on the diagram.

Individual elements on electrical diagrams have not one, but several options for designation on the diagrams. For example, there are several equivalent options for designating switching contacts, as well as several standard designations for transformer windings. Each of the designations can be used in certain cases.

If the standard does not contain the required designation, then it is compiled based on the principle of operation of the element, designations adopted for similar types of devices, devices, machines in compliance with the design principles stipulated by the standard.

Standards. Conventional graphic symbols on electrical and automation diagrams:

GOST 2.710-81 Alphanumeric designations in electrical circuits:

GOST 2.730-73

Group T52

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Unified system of design documentation

CONDITIONAL GRAPHIC DESIGNATIONS IN SCHEMES

Semiconductor devices

Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Semiconductor devices

ISS 01.080.40
31.080

Date of introduction 1974-07-01

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the State Committee of Standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR

2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the State Committee of Standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated 08.16.73 N 2002

3. Complies with ST SEV 661-88

4. INSTEAD GOST 2.730-68, GOST 2.747-68 in terms of clauses 33 and 34 of the table

5. EDITION (April 2010) with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3, 4, approved in July 1980, April 1987, March 1989, July 1991 (IUS 10-80, 7-87 , 6-89, 10-91), Amendment (IUS 3-91)

1. This standard establishes the rules for constructing symbolic graphic symbols of semiconductor devices on circuits drawn manually or in an automatic way in all industries.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

2. Designations of elements of semiconductor devices are given in Table 1.

Designations of elements of semiconductor devices

Table 1

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2, 3).

3, 4. (Excluded, Amendment No. 1).
________________
* Tables 2, 3. (Excluded, Amendment No. 1).

5. Signs characterizing the physical properties of semiconductor devices are given in Table 4.

Signs characterizing the physical properties of semiconductor devices

Table 4

6. Examples of constructing designations for semiconductor diodes are given in Table 5.

Examples of constructing symbols for semiconductor diodes

Table 5

7. Designations of thyristors are given in Table 6.

Thyristor designations

Table 6

Note. It is possible to depict the designation of a thyristor controlled by the anode as a continuation of the corresponding side of the triangle.

8. Examples of constructing transistor designations with P-N- transitions are given in Table 7.

Examples of constructing transistor symbols

Table 7

Note. When executing the schemes it is allowed:

a) designate transistors in a mirror image, for example,

b) depict the body of the transistor.

9. Examples of constructing designations for field-effect transistors are given in Table 8.

Examples of constructing designations for field-effect transistors

Table 8

Note. It is allowed to depict the housing of transistors.

10. Examples of designations for photosensitive and emitting semiconductor devices are given in Table 9.

Examples of construction of designations for photosensitive and emitting semiconductor devices

Table 9

11. Examples of constructing designations for optoelectronic devices are given in Table 10

Examples of constructing designations for optoelectronic devices

Table 10