Library of domestic components for multisim. Multisim library elements. Advanced probe capabilities

Electronics Workbench Multisim 14 is the most famous program for the design, design and simulation of electronic circuits. Multisim combines professional features with an easy-to-use program interface. This is an ideal tool not only for educational, but also for industrial production.

Easy to use Multisim design environment will allow the user to avoid using traditional methods circuit modeling, and will provide a powerful tool for circuit analysis. The utility allows you to optimize your projects, minimize errors and reduce the number of iterations during development. In addition, NI Ultiboard software (printed circuit board layout design) is now included.

A huge selection of ready-made radio elements, diodes, capacitors, transistors, etc. It will help you very quickly simulate the processes occurring in almost any amateur radio design.

Let's start by getting acquainted with the program interface.

Of particular interest to the radio amateur lies in the component panel. It is used to access the database of radioelements. When you click on any of the selected icons, a window opens component selection. On the left side of the window we select the required component.

The entire database of radio-electronic components is divided into sections (passive elements, transistors, microcircuits, etc.), and sections into families ( diodes- zener diodes, LEDs, thyristors, etc.). I hope the meaning is clear.

In addition, in the radio element selection window, you can see the designation of the selected component, a description of its function, and select the type of housing.

Circuit simulation in Multisim

Let's put together a simple circuit and see how it works emulated! I took it as a basis, where I connected LEDs as a load.

If necessary, we can use various virtual measuring instruments, for example an oscilloscope, and look at the signals at any points in the circuit.

Modeling electrical circuits in electrical engineering using Multisim

Let's assemble a simple electrical circuit, for this we need a (dc-power) constant voltage source and a couple of (resistor) resistances.

Let's say we need to determine the current in the unbranched part of the circuit, the voltage at the first resistance and the power at the second. To do this, we need three virtual measuring instruments, two multimeter and wattmeter. Set the first multimeter to the current measurement mode - ammeter, the other - voltmeter. We connect the current winding of the wattmeter to the second branch - in series, the voltage winding in parallel to the second resistance.

After the virtual circuit is assembled, press the start button and look at the readings of the measuring instruments.

Just in case, we will check the accuracy of the readings from the virtual measuring devices.

As can be seen from the calculations, the virtual readings turned out to be correct.

Components are the basis of any circuit; these are all the elements that make it up. Multisim operates with two categories of components: real and virtual. It is necessary to clearly understand the differences between them in order to take full advantage of their benefits.

Fig.6 Symbols of various components: 7-segment display, diode D 1, voltage source V 1, logic gates NON-AND U 2A, microcontroller U 3 and transistor Q 1.

There are other classifications of components: analog, digital, mixed, animated, interactive, digital multi-select, electromechanical and radio frequency.

Hotkey by default to place a component – ​​Ctrl+W or double-click on the panel Real Components / Analog Devices.

Real components, unlike virtual ones, have a specific, unchangeable value and their correspondence on the printed circuit board.

Virtual components are needed only for emulation; the user can assign arbitrary parameters to them. For example, the resistance of a virtual resistor can be arbitrary. Virtual components help developers verify using circuits with known component values. Virtual components may also not correspond to real ones, for example, like a 4-pin element for displaying hexadecimal digits.

Multisim has three levels of databases:

Information can only be read from the Master Database; all components are located in it;

The User Database corresponds to the current computer user. It is intended to store components that are not desirable to be provided in general access;

Corporate Database. Intended for those components that must be accessible to other users over the network.

Database management tools allow you to move components, merge two databases into one, and edit them. All databases are divided into groups, and they, in turn, into families. When the user selects a component and places it in the diagram, a new copy. All changes made to it do not in any way affect the information stored in the database.

The Master Database is divided into groups:

1. Sources contains all voltage and current sources, grounding. For example, power sources (DC, AC voltage sources, grounding, wireless connections- VCC, VDD, VSS, VEE), signal voltage sources (sources of rectangular pulses, signal source at certain intervals), signal current sources (constant, variable current sources, sources of rectangular pulses)

2. Basic contains basic circuitry elements: resistors, inductive elements, capacitive elements, switches, transformers, relays, connectors, etc.

3. Diodes contains different kinds diodes: photodiodes, Schottky diodes, LEDs, etc.

4. Transistors contains various types of transistors: pnp transistors, npn transistors, bipolar transistors, mosfet transistors, cmos transistors, etc.

5. Analog contains all types of amplifiers: operational, differential, inverting, etc.

6. TTL contains elements of transistor-transistor logic.

7.CMOS. Contains CMOS logic elements.

8. MCU Module– multipoint control unit (from the English multipoint control unit)

9. Advanced_Peripherals contains pluggable external devices(displays, terminals, key fields).

10. Misc Digital contains various digital devices.

11. Mixed contains combined components

12. Indicators contains measuring instruments (voltmeters, ammeters), lamps, etc.

3.1. Signal sources (Power Source Components and Signal Source Components tabs).

Fig.7 Component families sources.

Signal sources mean not only power supplies, but also controlled sources (Table 8).

Table 8.

Source Image	Function
	Battery (voltage). The long strip corresponds to the positive terminal.
	Grounding (label).
	Fixed voltage sources. Used in logic circuits.
	Generator of amplitude-modulated oscillations (carrier voltage and frequency, modulation coefficient and frequency).
	Source direct current(current).
	Source of alternating sinusoidal voltage (rms voltage value, frequency, phase).
	Generator of unipolar rectangular pulses (amplitude, frequency, duty cycle).
	Phase-modulated oscillation generator (carrier voltage and frequency, modulation index and frequency).

3.2. Passive elements (Basic tab) – a library that contains all passive components, as well as communication devices.

Rice. 8. Component families passive components.

Rice. 9. Component families diodes.

Rice. 10 Component families transistors.

Table 9.

Source Image	Function
	Resistor (resistance).
	Inductor (inductance).
	Relay (found only in the element library).
	A switch controlled by pressing a specified key (default is space).
	Potentiometer (rheostat). The “Key” parameter determines the symbol of the keyboard key (A by default), when pressed, the resistance decreases by a specified percentage value (the “Increment” parameter, default 5%) or increases by the same amount when pressing the Shift+“Key” keys. The “Setting” parameter sets the initial resistance setting in percentage (default – 50%), the “Resistance” parameter sets the nominal resistance value.
	Capacitor and variable inductor. They act similarly to a potentiometer.
	Capacitor (capacitance).
	Transformer.
	Semiconductor diode (type).
	Zener diode (type).
	LED (type).
	Rectifier bridge (type).
	Shockley diode (type).
	Thyristor or dinistor (type).
	Symmetrical dinistor or diac (type).
	Symmetrical SCR or triac (type).
	Bipolar n-p-n And p-n-p transistors, respectively (type).
	Field effect transistors with control p-n transition (type).
	n- channel with enriched substrate and p-channel with depleted substrate), with separate or connected substrate and source terminals (type).
	Insulated gate MOSFETs ( n- channel with enriched gate and p-channel with depletion gate), with separate or connected outputs of the substrate and source (type).

3.3. Analog elements (Analog tab) – a library in which all amplifiers are collected.

Ultiboard is a PCB application of the National Instruments Circuit Design Suite that is used to design printed circuit boards, perform specific CAD functions, and prepare design results for manufacturing. In combination with Multisim – software for designing electrical circuit diagrams, Ultiboard is a powerful tool for designing electronic devices.

Creating and editing pads in Ultiboard.

A contact pad is a metallized area on a printed circuit board around the output of an electrical radio element or via hole. Vias serve for electrical communication between the layers of the board when the trace transitions from one layer to another. Pads must be located on all layers on which routing is carried out. A set of pads is called a pad stack. Pad stacks are assembled from the pads on the functional layers of the board and the component pin holes.

The Ultiboard program allows you to create platforms of various shapes for through-hole and surface mounting of radio-electronic components on printed circuit board, as well as edit existing ones.

Creation of contact pads.

Let's look at the process of creating contact pads in more detail. To do this, launch the Ultiboard program and, using the main menu command of the program “Toolbox/Database/Component Library”, open the component library (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. “Component Library” window.

The Component Library window is divided into three fields:

• "Database";
• "Components";
• "View".

The “Database” field displays the names of the Ultiboard library databases (Individual, Corporate, General) in the form of a list. For ease of use, elements in the database are placed in groups. In order to create a new group of contact pads, you need to use the left mouse button to select the line with the name of the required database in the list and click on the “New” icon at the top of the “Database” field. As a result, a new line with the default name “ A new group" In order to change the name of a group, you need to left-click on it, enter the new name from the keyboard and press the Enter key on the keyboard. You can create a pad in a group as follows - select the group name with the left mouse button, go to the “Components” field and click on the “Create new” icon at the top of the field. As a result, a window will open for selecting the type of component to be created (Fig. 2), in which (in our case) you need to select the “Contact Pad” item using the left mouse button and click on the “OK” button.

Rice. 2. “Select component type” window.

After which the program will switch to site editing mode. In order to draw a new area, you can use a set of drawing tools that are available from the “Insert/Graphics” menu (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Create a new pad in edit mode.

Once the pad is created, it must be saved to the Ultiboard library. To do this, you need to select the “Save in library as” item in the “File” menu and in the “Save in database” window that opens (Fig. 4) using the left mouse button, select the desired library and group.

Then enter the name of the created pad in the “Existing components” field and click on the “OK” button. The pad is saved in the library and is ready for use.

Editing pads.

Let's look at the process of editing pads already available in the library. To do this, using the main menu command of the program “Toolkit/Database/Component Library”, you must open the component library again, select the desired site using the left mouse button in the “Components” field and click on the “Edit” icon at the top of the field. As a result, the program will switch to the site editing mode, in which you can change the size of the site by selecting it using the left mouse button and moving its boundaries. You can also use drawing tools to edit the pad. Use the “Group” and “Ungroup” context menu commands when the site consists of several graphic elements. You can save your changes using the “File/Save to Library” menu command.

In some cases, it may be necessary to change the shape of the pads in a component already placed on the board. To do this, in the working field of the program, you need to select the contact pad using the left mouse button, use the right mouse button to call up the context menu and select the “Properties” item in it. As a result of the completed actions, the properties window will open (Fig. 5), in which you can make the necessary changes - select new uniform by setting the switch to one of the positions:

• "Circle (BGA)";
• "Square";
• "Rectangle";
• "Oval square";
• "Oval rectangle";
• “Select” (select from the library),

and set the size of the site. The component before and after the changes made is shown in Figure 6. In this example, the shape of the first output of the component was changed.

Faculty of Nonlinear Processes Department of Electronics, Oscillations and Waves

E.N. Egorov, I.S. Rempen

APPLICATION OF THE SOFTWARE APPLICATION PACKAGE MULTISIM FOR SIMULATION OF RADIOPHYSICAL CIRCUITS

Educational and methodological manual

Saratov – 2008

	Introduction
	Basic principles of creating a diagram
	Description of the main elements
	Circuit Analysis
	Precautions and safety precautions
	Theoretical task
	Task for a numerical experiment
	Application
	Control questions

1. Introduction

The development of any radio-electronic device is usually accompanied by

physical or mathematical modeling. Physical modeling is associated with large material costs, since it requires the production of models and their research, which can be very labor-intensive. Therefore, mathematical modeling is often used using tools and methods computer technology. One such program is the electronic modeling system Multisim (Electronics Workbench), which is simple and easy to learn. user interface. Multisim has become widespread in secondary and higher educational institutions, where it is used for educational purposes as a laboratory workshop in a number of subjects (physics, fundamentals of electrical engineering and electronics, fundamentals of computer technology and automation, etc.).

The electronic modeling system Multisim simulates a real researcher's workplace - a laboratory equipped with measuring instruments operating in real time. With its help you can create and simulate both simple and

And complex analog and digital radiophysical devices.

IN this laboratory work describes the basic principles of working with the electronic modeling system Multisim 9. To clearly understand the principles of its operation, you must:

knowledge of basic operating principles operating system Windows;

understanding of the principles of operation of basic measuring instruments (oscilloscope, multimeter, etc.);

knowledge of individual elements of radio-electronic devices.

2. Basic principles of creating a diagram.

Working with the electronic modeling system Multisim includes three main

stage: creating a circuit, selecting and connecting measuring instruments, and finally, activating the circuit - calculating the processes occurring in the device under study.

In general, the process of creating a circuit begins with placing components from the program library on the Multisim workspace. Subsections of the Multisim program library can be called up one by one using the icons located on the toolbar (Fig. 1). The directory of the selected library section is located in

vertical window to the right or left of the working field (installed anywhere by dragging in a standard way- for the header). To select the required element from the library, you need to move the mouse cursor to the corresponding icon and click once on the drop-down arrow, and then select the element required for work from the list. After this, the icon (symbol) of the component necessary for creating the circuit is transferred to the working field of the program by pressing the left mouse button. When placing circuit components on the working field of the program, you can also use the context menu that appears when you right-click on the free space working field. At this stage, it is necessary to provide a place for placing control points and icons of instrumentation.

Rice. 1. Multisim 9 component library directories

The selected circuit component (highlighted by a frame of a dashed blue line) can be rotated (context menu, buttons on the toolbar, or the Circuit>Rotate menu item) or mirrored relative to the vertical (horizontal) axis (menu command Circuit>Flip Vertical (Horizontal), context menu , buttons on the toolbar). When turning, most components are rotated 90o counterclockwise each time the command is executed; for measuring instruments (ammeter, voltmeter, etc.), the connection terminals are swapped.

In a finished circuit, it is not advisable to use rotation and reflection of elements, since this most often leads to confusion of connecting wires - in this case, the component must be disconnected from the circuit, and only then rotated (reflected).

By default, a virtual element is installed that has ideal properties (for example, the absence of internal noise and losses) of a particular element. By double clicking on the component icon you can change its properties. In the drop-down dialog box, the required parameters are set (usually the value of the circuit element and a number of other parameters for other elements such as measuring instruments or complex integrated circuits) and the selection is confirmed by pressing the “Ok” button or the “Enter” key on the keyboard. In the same dialog box, when you click the Replace button, a dialog box appears listing the entire library of elements. Using this window, you can replace an ideal element with its real analogue, while not only its nominal value varies, but also the manufacturer of specific circuit elements, as well as the series of the element. For a large number of components, you can select parameters that correspond to real elements (diodes, transistors, etc.) from various manufacturers.

When creating diagrams, it is also convenient to use the dynamic menu, which is called up by clicking the right mouse button. The menu contains Help, Paste, Zoom In, Zoom Out, Schematic Options, and Add commands.<Название компонента>. This command allows you to add components to the workspace without accessing library directories. Number of Add commands<Название компонента>in the menu list is determined by the number of component types (resistors, grounding symbol, etc.) already present on the working field.

After placing the components, their terminals are connected with conductors. It should be taken into account that only one conductor can be connected to the component output. To make a connection, move the mouse cursor to the output of the component, and after the pad appears, press left button mice. The conductor that appears is pulled to the output of another component until the same pad appears on it, after which the left mouse button is pressed again. If it is necessary to connect other conductors to these terminals, context menu(appears when you click the right mouse button) select a point (connection symbol, designated as

Junction) and is transferred to the previously installed conductor. If a trace from the crossing conductor is visible on it, then electrical connection no and the point must be set again. After successful installation, two more conductors can be connected to the connection point. If the connection needs to be broken, move the cursor to the corresponding wire and select it with the left mouse button, after which the Delete key is pressed.

If it is necessary to connect a pin to a conductor on the diagram, then the conductor from the component pin is moved with the cursor to the specified conductor and after the connection point appears, the left mouse button is pressed. It should be noted that the laying of connecting conductors is carried out automatically, and obstacles - components and other conductors - are bent in orthogonal directions (horizontally or vertically).

Connection to the circuit of control and measuring instruments is carried out in the same way. The panel with control and measuring equipment (except for the ammeter and voltmeter) is located vertically on the right side of the work area, and includes such elements as a multimeter, an oscilloscope (2 and 4 channels), a wattmeter, function generator, body plotter, spectrum analyzer, etc. The operation of some of these devices will be described in more detail below.

For instruments such as an oscilloscope or logic analyzer, it is advisable to make connections with colored conductors, since their color determines the color of the corresponding oscillogram.

Each element can be moved to a new location. To do this, it must be selected and dragged with the mouse. In this case, the location of the connecting wires will change automatically. You can also move an entire group of elements: to do this, you need to sequentially select them with the mouse while holding down the Ctrl key, and then drag them to a new location. If it is necessary to move a separate segment of the conductor, move the cursor to it, press the left button and, after a double cursor appears in the vertical or horizontal plane, the necessary movements are made.

3. Description of the main elements

As already mentioned, in electronic system Multisim has several sections

libraries of components that can be used in modeling. Below is a brief summary of the main (of course, not all) components. After the name, in parentheses are some component parameters that can be changed by the user.

We will conditionally divide all components into a number of subgroups.

3.1. Signal sources(Power Source Components and Signal Source Components tabs).

It is clear that here signal sources mean not only power supplies, but also controlled sources.

Battery (voltage). The long strip corresponds to the positive terminal.

Grounding (label).	DC source
Variable Source	Variable Source
sinusoidal voltage	sinusoidal current
(effective value	(effective current value,
voltage, frequency, phase).	frequency, phase).
Fixed sources	Unipolar generator
voltage. Used in	rectangular pulses
logical circuits.	(amplitude, frequency,
	fill factor).
Amplitude generator	Phase generator
modulated oscillations	modulated oscillations
(voltage and frequency	(voltage and frequency
carrier, coefficient and	carrier, index and frequency
modulation frequency).	modulation).

3.2. Passive elements(Basic tab) – a library that contains all passive components, as well as communication devices.

Resistor (resistance). Capacitor (capacitance).

Inductor Transformer. (inductance).

Relay (found only in the element library).

A switch controlled by pressing a specified key (default is space).

Potentiometer (rheostat). The “Key” parameter determines the symbol of the keyboard key (A by default), when pressed, the resistance decreases by a specified percentage value (the “Increment” parameter, default 5%) or increases by the same amount when pressing the Shift+“Key” keys. The “Setting” parameter sets the initial resistance setting in percentage (default – 50%), the “Resistance” parameter sets the nominal resistance value.

Capacitor and variable inductor. They act similarly to a potentiometer.

3.3. Semiconductor elements(Diode Components and Transistor Components) – diodes and transistors.

LED (type).

Symmetrical dinistor or diac (type).

Rectifier bridge (type).

Symmetrical SCR or triac (type).

Isolated gate MOSFETs (n-channel with enriched substrate and p-channel with depleted substrate), with separate or connected substrate and source terminals (type).

Isolated gate MOSFETs (n-channel enriched gate and p-channel depleted gate), with separate or connected substrate and source terminals (type).

Gallium arsenide n- and p-channel field effect transistors(type)

The above sections of the library contain the main circuit elements that students will have to use in this workshop. Next, we will describe some sections of the library that will be touched upon less frequently in our work.

3.5. Logic digital chips (TTL and CMOS library sections).

LED indicator (color of light). Seven segment indicator with decoder (type). A line of ten LEDs with built-in ADC (minimum and minimum voltage).

XOR-NOT (number of inputs)

Tristable buffer Schmidt trigger (type) (tri-state element) and buffer (type)

More complex elements of digital circuitry (flip-flops, multiplexers, decoders, etc.) do not have special designations in Multisim and are depicted as an icon (a square with a different number of outputs and corresponding designations). You can determine the type of a particular circuit element by the description in the library window. Therefore, their description is not given here.

3.6. Indicating devices(Misc, Measurement Components or Indicators section in

library).

Voltmeter with digital reading (internal resistance, DC or AC current measurement mode). The negative terminal is shown with a thick black line.

Ammeter with digital reading (internal resistance, DC or AC current measurement mode). The negative terminal is shown with a thick black line.

Incandescent lamp (voltage, power). Seven segment indicator

A line of ten independent LEDs (voltage, rated and minimum current).