Russian software for computer. Russian operating system. WinRAR Developer: Evgeniy Roshal

I think that any of the readers of this article no longer considers the words “Operating system” and “Windows” to be synonymous, because knows at least one or more other systems. For many it will be Android, for a significant circle it is known Windows Phone and iOS, slightly fewer people have heard of OS X, FreeBSD and Ubuntu. All these operating systems are developed by Western (mainly American) organizations. At first glance, there is nowhere for a Russian person to cast his gaze... but no. We also have our own masters.

We are already accustomed to the fact that information technologies for Russia are not a subject of creativity, but a subject of passive study. Yes, we know world-class antivirus from Kaspersky or this moment The best text recognizer FineReader is also from a Russian company. Someone will remember Dr.Web. But in the general context, this is, if not a drop, then a small puddle in the sea that makes up our computer horizons. This illusion is wrong, because Not all active participants in the IT community are evaluated, but only those who actively promote themselves through advertising or sales managers. And who is left out of our horizons? Yes, tens of thousands of domestic developers of different levels of professionalism and different areas of problems to be solved.

It's no secret that the most important component of any computer (except for the hardware inside the case) is the operating system. But do we have anything domestic to look for here? It turns out there is. Here is a short list of real projects that have been launched and have been working for several years:

I decided to consider the first one (ROSU), because... I assume that it is the most convenient for former Windows users of all the ones I have tried. More precisely: the editorial office “for the people” - Fresh (i.e. “Fresh” ROSA).

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The main problem for the user of a new operating system is mastering the new logic of working with a computer (after all, ROSA is not a clone of Windows, but a completely different OS). For example, a person who decides to switch to OS X from Apple will have to resolutely reject Windows habits, down to the “hot keys”. Here the Russian operating system has a minimum of problems: the bottom panel resembles the usual “Vendo” panel in its operating logic, and the menu structure (let’s call it “START”) will delight you with its simplicity and functionality.

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But this is only external “cosmetics”. Inside there are all the tools necessary even for a fairly advanced user: built-in players for a huge number of formats, a full-fledged office suite (analogous to MS Office), graphics, audio and video editors, an email client, two(!) browsers for fans from different camps (Firefox and Chromium) , a client capable of connecting to ICQ and QIP, utilities for burning bootable flash drives and disks. If necessary, we install Skype, TeamViewer and others useful programs through a convenient and concise program installer (most programs are installed and updated through this one tool without the need to update manually).

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And even with all the massiveness of the pre-installed set of programs, ROSA manages to load and shut down faster than the products of the Redmond corporation. And the problem of viruses will only bother those who purposefully install them into the system. They cannot appear “suddenly” on the computer.

With all this, the system has many unique features for the Windows user. Just think about the ability to distribute WiFi Internet from your laptop in two clicks or the ability to mock the system with experiments after turning on the “freeze mode”, and then after a reboot see the system in a “pre-frozen” state.

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In general, there are many advantages. You need to touch them to understand this. To do this, just boot into a full-fledged operating system directly from a CD or flash drive, without installing the system (unusual, right?). And if you like it, then install the system and during the installation browse the Internet or write an interesting article.

Another advantage of the Russian OS is the active and accessible Russian-speaking community

1.ROSA Linux

The ROSA Linux distribution is developed by the Russian company STC IT ROSA or "Scientific and Technical Center information technologies"Russian operating systems", development began in 2007 and until today quite a lot of improvements have been developed.

The distribution was initially based on Mandriva, the desktop version and the server version were based on Red Hat. But after Mandriva was closed, the OpenMandriva project was based specifically on Rosa Linux.

It is an easy to use and install system that provides most of what you need to the average user software from the box.

All necessary media codecs are also supplied with the distribution. The system interface and window design are somewhat similar to the Windows style, and this will help new users get used to the system better.

KDE is used as the desktop shell. In addition, the Rosa developers make many improvements and fixes to most of the packages they ship.

2. Calculate Linux

Calculate Linux is developed by Alexander Tratsevsky from Russia. This distribution is based on Gentoo and includes all its benefits, as well as a large number of additional features and a graphical installer.

Development of the project began back in 2007. Calculate is especially good for business environments. It's optimized for quick deployment—you can set up a configuration on one computer and use it on all others.

User under his account can use the system regardless of the computer. The latest version of Calculate is 15.12. This version added the ability to create LiveUSB, added support for the open source AMDGPU driver, and many other improvements.

3. ZorinOS

The ZorinOS operating system was developed by a native of Russia, Artem Zorin, who is currently located in Ireland.

This is another enterprise-class distribution that is very similar to Windows. ZorinOS is based on Ubuntu and uses the Gnome 3 desktop environment and its own Zorin DE shell for the user interface.

The latest stable release, ZorinOS 9, is based on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, and the most recent, ZorinOS 11, is based on Ubuntu 15.10. A special feature of ZorinOS is its own design themes similar to both Windows XP and 7, as well as a theme management utility that allows you to customize appearance desktop.

At the moment, ZorinOS comes in two main versions - stable 9, and the newest 11. Both versions have Core, Lite, Business and Ultimate editions. The first two editions are free, and the last two are available for 8.99 and 9.99 respectively.

4. Runtu

This distribution was probably the first Linux distribution for many Russians. It is based on Ubuntu and offers improved Russian localization. The development of the project began back in 2007.

Then Alexey Chernomorenko and Alexander Becher prepared a special build of Ubuntu for a report at a scientific conference on open source software: Ubuntu Full Power Linux.

Subsequently, this assembly gained popularity among users and in the field of education and was renamed Runtu.

The main goal of this distribution is to provide beginners with a perfectly localized and simple system with all the necessary software out of the box. In addition, there is also its own software, such as the Runtu Assistant utility, which will help new users better configure the system.

The last release of Runtu took place in March 2015. The software has been updated, 64-bit support has been added and some fixes have been made.

5. Astra Linux

The Astra Linux distribution is being developed by NPO RusBITech for military purposes, law enforcement agencies and the FSB.

The distribution focuses on data protection and is used in various government agencies.

The distribution kit is supplied in two editions: Special Edition and Common Edition.

The general edition is intended for enterprises, the special edition for special services. A lot of proprietary software comes with the system.

All applications developed by the distribution's authors have the fly prefix. This is fly-fm - file manager, Fly panel, fly-admin-wicd - manager network connections, fly-update-notifier - update widget, Fly terminal, fly-videocamera, fly-record - sound recording, fly-cddvdburner, fly-ocr - text recognition, etc. By the way, it is important to note that the fly file manager is very similar to Windows Explorer.

The latest release, at the time of writing, took place on March 17, 2016, and this is Astra Linux version 1.11.

6.ALT Linux

ALT Linux is developed by the Russian company of the same name: Alt Linux.

And again, the operating system is designed for the business sector.

All necessary software is supplied by default. office work, working with graphics, sound processing, video and programming.

During installation, you can select the components of the distribution that need to be installed, and thus shape the functionality of the distribution.

The default desktop environment is KDE 4.

Minimum system requirements 768 megabytes random access memory, as well as a video card with support for 3D acceleration.

The newest version of Alt Linux at the moment is 7.0.5, which was released at the beginning of 2015.

7. Agilia Linux

Another distribution of Russian origin.

Formerly known as MOPS Linux.

Initially based on Slackware Linux. It combines beauty and speed.

Unlike MOPS, the installer has been completely redesigned and the number of applications supplied by default has been increased. The release frequency is once every three months.

Its main goal is to find complex solutions for specific consumer needs. The catalog is implemented according to the “Web 2.0” principle and will allow software customers to quickly and efficiently find the necessary products and compose them into completely domestic integrated solutions, ready for implementation. Read more.

2019

Natalya Kasperskaya asks the government for 39 billion rubles for state support for software developers

Entry into force of updated rules for checking Russian software

On February 4, 2019, it became known that Order No. 722 of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications on approval of the procedure and methodology for confirming the compliance of computer programs and databases, information about which is included in the register of Russian software, with additional requirements approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 23, 2017, became known. No. 325. Read more.

2016

Allocation of 5 billion rubles to finance software development

On January 1, 2016, the work of the Register of Domestic Software was approved, which should be used by government agencies and state corporations of Russia when choosing software that can replace foreign solutions.

2015

Rules for creating a register of domestic software have been approved

Government Decree No. 1236 of November 16, 2015 approved the rules for creating a register of domestic software.

The Ministry of Finance refuses the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications to create an organization to finance software

The Duma Commission admits that as of July 30, 2014, there is no single regulatory act where all these definitions could be included, but it is quite obvious that they will be required if we legislatively try to support domestic companies and create preferences for them in government procurement. Therefore, in the context of the state’s declared import substitution policy, all this work seems very relevant.

July 23, 2014: Definition of the Ministry of Industry and Trade

On July 23, 2014, a meeting was held at the presidential administration to discuss the criteria for determining domestic software developed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Several people who participated in the meeting or were close to Russian developers told Vedomosti about this. Vedomosti has obtained a draft proposal from the ministry with a definition of “software of Russian origin”, which almost completely coincides with the recommendations of several associations of Russian software companies - the Association of Developers software products, Russoft, Russian Free Software Association and Association of Manufacturers of Electronic Equipment and Devices.

At the beginning of June 2014, the presidential administration recommended the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications to develop a definition of domestic software. The departments had until July 10 to fulfill this order: firstly, to prepare definitions of domestic software and its manufacturer, and secondly, to develop amendments to the legislation that would encourage government agencies and state corporations to primarily acquire software of Russian origin.

The Ministry of Industry and Trade proposes to consider as domestic a software product the rights to which belong to a Russian legal entity, at least 51% of the authorized capital of which belongs to Russian residents - individuals or companies, state-owned companies and state corporations, unitary enterprises or constituent entities of the Federation. It's about about the final beneficiaries, and not about the formal owners, follows from the proposals developed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade.

Government support for domestic software developers will help develop the industry and help strengthen its position Russian companies in the domestic and international markets, according to a document reviewed by Vedomosti. True, its authors warn, imposing domestic software on state buyers is fraught with a decrease in competition: the domestic developer will obviously be confident in state support, and he will not have the motivation to develop the software product. Participants at yesterday’s meeting agreed that when discussing import substitution, it is necessary to separate the economic aspect (support for the Russian IT industry) from the technological aspect (IT security), says Kirill Varlamov, director of the Internet Initiatives Development Fund, who was present at the meeting.

Experts from the Ministry of Industry and Trade see the creation and maintenance of a register of domestic software as the main instrument for regulating the industry. The department proposes to assign Russian status to software products according to the same scheme that applies to telecommunications equipment (Russian status is assigned to equipment depending on what share of its cost falls on Russia).

Several people close to the meeting participants know that this is the essence of the ministry’s proposals. And on July 21, 2014, a meeting of the temporary commission under the Federation Council was held on the issue of import substitution of software, and the representatives of the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications who were present agreed with the definition of Russian software as a product, the rights to which belong to a person at least 51% controlled by Russian residents, says a member upper house Ruslan Gattarov.

This position coincides with the proposals of Russian software developer associations, but differs from the proposal expressed on July 3, 2014 by members of the commission under the State Duma Committee on Science and High Technologies. They suggested that a Russian IT company worthy of priority access to government orders be considered an enterprise in which the share of foreign capital does not exceed 25% minus 1 share, in which more than 75% of revenue is generated in Russia, which is a Russian tax and legal resident, and whose share Foreigners among its employees do not exceed 25%. This idea belonged to the National Association for Innovation and Development of Information Technologies (NAIRI), headed by Olga Uskova, president of the Russian developer Cognitive Technologies and a member of the commission under the Duma committee. Yesterday, a NAIRIT representative told Vedomosti that this association has already agreed on its position with other IT associations. And the executive secretary of the commission under the Duma committee, Andrei Chernogorov, admitted that its previous position was tough - it will be softened, he knows.

The option that linked the Russian origin of the software with Russia’s contribution to the revenue of its developer left no chance for either Kaspersky Lab or, for example, Parallels (Parallels Software) to become a “domestic manufacturer”: both of them generate most of their revenue outside Russia. The new criteria, which were supported by the Ministry of Industry and Trade, “have been agreed upon with market participants and are much more balanced and suitable for determining domestic software,” says Sergei Zemkov, managing director of Kaspersky Lab in Russia, the Caucasus and Central Asia. The criterion of intellectual property belonging to a Russian legal entity makes sense, but it is important that the development be in Russia, warns Nikolai Dobrovolsky, vice president for virtualization of personal computers at Parallels. Otherwise, a foreign company will be able to transfer the rights to a foreign product to a Russian legal entity that is not related to its development, but is affiliated with it, while it is also impossible to quickly transfer the development to the desired country, he argues.

An employee of the press service of the presidential administration limited himself to confirming the fact of yesterday's meeting. A representative of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications only said that the department, executing the instructions of the president, is carrying out “comprehensive work on the development of Russian software”: in particular, on July 18, a meeting was held with representatives of the largest Russian IT companies, where “the feasibility and practical benefits of introducing and defining criteria for domestic software" and specific support measures.

July 15, 2014: Definition of “Domestic Software” from industry associations

On July 15, 2014, specialized IT associations ARPP "Domestic Software", Russoft, RASPO, APEAP agreed on a unified definition of domestic software. The main factor is that exclusive rights to software products belong to Russia. The copyright holder may be Russian entity, control in which is carried out by Russian citizens or the state. The criteria are published on the website of the Association of Software Product Developers “Domestic Software”.

Approval of the definition of domestic software is the first step in supporting Russian software products. It is also proposed to create a register of domestic software and set priority for software products of the register public procurement. At the same time, in the absence of the necessary Russian solution, government customers should still be able to purchase foreign analogues.

“We have been working on formulating the criteria for quite a long time. Russian software developers, lawyers, and independent experts took part in this work. The rights to a software product determine its control by Russia, and also form a profit center in our country. Thus, this criterion is important both for ensuring technological independence and for the economic development of the country,” says Evgenia Vasilenko, executive director of the Domestic Software Association.

According to her, it is now very important to create favorable conditions in the country for the development of Russian software. First of all, this is due to stimulating demand for national products, which is a common global practice.

“The adoption of the definition of domestic software was a response to sanctions against Russia, which unexpectedly sharply increased the risks of using foreign software. Related measures to support domestic manufacturers are limited to the purposes of software procurement by government agencies and enterprises with state participation, and do not apply to the open market. We continue to believe that the main measures of state support for Russian manufacturers should be investments in education and R&D, reduction of administrative barriers, as well as export support,” commented Valentin Makarov, President of NP RUSSOFT.

In a commentary to TAdviser, Alexander Pozdnyakov, CEO of First Line Software, also notes the importance of creating comfortable conditions for software developers to be able to grow domestic software.

"The state is already moving towards creating a more convenient environment for software companies. There is a reduced rate of social taxes. This is very correct. As for import substitution and issues of popularizing Russian solutions - if good software is created in the country, it will be bought without special popularization efforts from side of the state," he said.

“The initiative of the State Duma regarding legislative support for import substitution is extremely timely. We tried to give the most complete definition of the criteria for Russian software. Note that this definition allows Russian developers to use free software and software with open source, and the final decision will be, according to the criteria, Russian,” says Alexander Zhmurko, President of NP RASPO.

The criteria for determining domestic software and a domestic software manufacturer are described in a letter from NP RUSSOFT sent to the State Duma of the Russian Federation. The letter also states that RUSSOFT supports state measures to ensure information security and technological independence. In addition to the import substitution policy, it is proposed to invest in research and development in the field of software engineering, develop specialized education and a system for retraining IT personnel, and create a program to support high-tech exports.

The creation of a Commission for the regulatory and legal support of these tasks, including the legislative consolidation of the concept of “domestic software”, is indicated as necessary measures. And so on. It is proposed to limit the circle software solutions, for which the use of import substitution is mandatory, types of solutions that are critical for information security, technological independence and global competitiveness of the country, such as: operating systems (OS), database management systems (DBMS) and data warehouse management, CAD, EDMS, information systems security, cryptography and »

The need to accelerate the development of the domestic software market, ensure maximum independence from foreign developments in the field of high technology and preserve information sovereignty was first discussed at the highest level in 2014, when US and EU sanctions sharply increased the risks associated with the use of foreign software in business and government organizations . It was then that the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation became seriously concerned about solving this strategically significant, in the opinion of officials, issue, along with stimulating demand for national products and developing appropriate measures to support domestic developers. As a result, restrictions on the admission of foreign software in state and municipal procurement, as well as rules for the formation and maintenance of a unified register of Russian programs, were approved at the legislative level in the shortest possible time. All this has had a positive impact on the software market in Russia, which has recently been replenished with many interesting projects and developments. Including in the field of operating systems.

"Alt Linux SPT" is a unified Linux-based distribution for servers, workstations and thin clients with built-in software information protection, which can be used to build automated systems up to class 1B inclusive and information systems personal data (ISPDn) up to class 1K inclusive. The OS allows you to simultaneously store and process on one personal computer or server confidential data, ensure multi-user work with restricted access to information, work with virtual machines, and also use centralized authorization tools. The certificate issued by FSTEC of Russia confirms the product’s compliance with the requirements of the following guidelines: “Means computer technology. Protection against unauthorized access to information. Indicators of security against unauthorized access to information" - according to security class 4; "Protection against unauthorized access to information. Part 1. Information security software. Classification according to the level of absence of undeclared capabilities” - according to the 3rd level of control and technical conditions. Technical support for Alt Linux SPT users is provided by the Free Software and Technologies company through its partner developer Basalt SPO.

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Developer: Basalt SPO company

The Viola platform is a set of enterprise-level Linux distributions that allow you to deploy corporate IT infrastructure of any scale. The platform includes three distributions. This is a universal “Viola Workstation”, which includes an operating system and a set of applications for full-fledged work. The second is the server distribution "Alt Server", which can act as a domain controller Active Directory and contains the most complete set of services and environments for creating a corporate infrastructure (DBMS, mail and web server, authentication tools, work group, virtual machine management and monitoring and other tools). The third is “Alt Education 8”, focused on everyday use in planning, organizing and conducting the educational process in institutions of general, secondary and higher education. In addition, the Basalt SPO product series includes the above-mentioned certified Alt Linux SPT distribution kit and the Simply Linux operating system for home users.

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Developer: National Center for Informatization (part of the Rostec state corporation)

A Russian project to create an ecosystem of software products based on the Linux distribution, designed for complex automation of workplaces and IT infrastructure of organizations and enterprises, including in data centers, on servers and client workstations. The platform is presented in the “OS.Office” and “OS.Server” versions. They differ in the sets of application software included in the distribution kit. The office edition of the product contains the operating system itself, information security tools, a package of programs for working with documents, an email client and a browser. The server version includes an operating system, information security tools, monitoring and system management tools, a server Email and DBMS. Potential users of the platform include federal and regional authorities, local governments, companies with state participation and state corporations. It is expected that the OSi-based ecosystem will in the near future become a full-fledged alternative to Western analogues.

Development of the research and production association "RusBITech", presented in two versions: Astra Linux Common Edition (general purpose) and Astra Linux Special Edition (special purpose). Peculiarities latest version OS: developed means of ensuring information security of processed data, a mechanism for mandatory access control and control of the closedness of the software environment, built-in tools for marking documents, recording events, monitoring data integrity, as well as other components ensuring information protection. According to the developers, Astra Linux Special Edition is the only software platform certified simultaneously in the information security certification systems of the FSTEC of Russia, the FSB, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and allows processing in automated means of all ministries, departments and other institutions Russian Federation information limited access, containing information constituting a state secret and classified no higher than “top secret”.

⇡ ROSALinux

Developer: LLC "NTC IT ROSA"

The ROSA Linux family of operating systems includes an impressive set of solutions designed for home use (ROSA Fresh version) and use in a corporate environment (ROSA Enterprise Desktop), deployment of infrastructure IT services of an organization (ROSA Enterprise Linux Server), processing of confidential information and personal data (ROSA "Cobalt"), as well as information constituting state secrets (ROSA "Chrome" and "Nickel"). The listed products are based on the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Mandriva and CentOS with the inclusion of a large number of additional components - including original ones created by programmers of the scientific and technical center for information technologies "ROSA". In particular, OS distributions for the corporate segment of the market include virtualization tools, software for organizing Reserve copy, tools for building private clouds, as well as centralized management of network resources and data storage systems.

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Developer: Calculate company

Calculate Linux is available in Desktop editions, Directory Server, Scratch, Scratch Server and is designed with home users and SMBs in mind who prefer to use open source software instead of proprietary solutions. Platform features: full-time job in heterogeneous networks, a mechanism for roaming user profiles, tools for centralized software deployment, ease of administration, the ability to install on portable USB drives and support for binary repositories of Gentoo updates. It is important that the development team is accessible and open to any comments, suggestions and wishes of the user audience, as evidenced by the huge number of ways to get involved in the Calculate Linux community and platform development.

⇡ "Ulyanovsk.BSD »

Developer: Sergey Volkov

An operating system that is built on the freely distributed FreeBSD platform and contains the necessary set of application programs for home users and office tasks. According to the only OS developer Sergei Volkov, Ulyanovsk.BSD is fully adapted to the needs of Russian-speaking users. “Our assembly is as lightweight as possible and is ideal for use on both home computers and employee workstations various organizations, and also for use in educational institutions,” says the author of the project, without going into details of how exactly the product he compiled differs from the original. The credibility of the project is added not only by the presence of a distribution kit distributed on commercial terms and a paid technical support, but also an entry in the Russian software registry. This means that the Ulyanovsk.BSD software platform can be legally used by government organizations as part of projects to introduce import-substituting technologies.

A certified and secure operating system that allows you to process information in accordance with Federal Law No. 152 “On Personal Data” and implement systems for processing restricted access information that is not related to state secrets. ICLinux includes remote administration tools, has a built-in firewall certified for compliance with the RD ME for security class 3, supports RDP, X-Windows System, SSH, Telnet, VNC, VPN, NX, ICA and other protocols. The platform’s assets also include compatibility with the authentication tools of the Aladdin R.D. company. and a modular architecture that allows you to flexibly customize the operating system to suit customer requirements.

⇡ "Alpha OS" (Alfa OS)

Developer: ALFA Vision company

Another Linux clone equipped with user interface a la macOS with a set of familiar office applications and filled with deep philosophical meaning. No joke, on the developer’s website in the “About the Company” section, it says: “ The operating system is a special phenomenon, a point at which technological, aesthetic and humanitarian concepts converge. A peak that is visible from all sides. For it to shine and become what it should be, a wide variety of meaningful experiences are needed. And we have it" There is so much expression in these words, what a presentation of information! Agree, not everyone can present their product to a wide audience so expressively. IN currently"Alpha OS" is presented as a desktop version for x86-compatible systems. In the future, ALFA Vision intends to roll out mobile and server editions of the OS to the market, as well as a distribution kit for devices based on ARM processors.

A software platform developed specifically for computing systems with SPARC and Elbrus architecture. A special feature of the system is the radically redesigned Linux kernel, in which special process management mechanisms were implemented, virtual memory, interrupts, signals, synchronization, support for tagged calculations. " We have done fundamental work to transform the Linux OS into an operating system that supports real-time operation, for which relevant optimizations have been implemented in the kernel. During real-time work, you can set various modes for processing external interrupts, scheduling calculations, exchanges with disk drives, and some others", explains the MCST company. In addition, a set of tools for protecting information from unauthorized access is built into the core of the Elbrus software platform, which allows you to use the OS to build automated systems that meet the highest information security requirements. The system also includes archiving, task scheduling, software development and other tools.

⇡ "EdOS"

An operating system based on the Linux kernel, designed to ensure the security of processed data. "Red OS" complies with domestic information security requirements, has pre-configured configurations for each hardware architecture, uses GOST 34.11-2012 algorithms in the ssh and NX protocols, and also supports access control lists. In addition, the OS supports network authentication using plug-in authentication modules (PAM, Pluggable Authentication Modules) and includes a specialized distributed audit subsystem that allows you to monitor critical security events in the corporate network and provides the IT administrator with the necessary tools for prompt response to incidents IB.

⇡ GosLinux (“GosLinux”)

Developer: Red Soft company

GosLinux OS was created specifically for the needs of the Federal Bailiff Service of the Russian Federation (FSSP of Russia) and is suitable for use in all government bodies, state extra-budgetary funds and local governments. The platform is built on the CentOS 6.4 distribution, which includes developments from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The system is presented in two editions - for servers and workstations, contains a simplified GUI and a set of pre-configured information security tools. The OS developer is the Red Soft company, which won the competition in March 2013 for the development, implementation and maintenance of automated information systems of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. In 2014, the system received a certificate of conformity from the FSTEC of Russia, confirming that GosLinux has an estimated trust level of OUD3 and complies with the requirements of the governing document of the State Technical Commission of the Russian Federation for the 4th level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The GosLinux OS distribution for government agencies is located in the national fund of algorithms and programs at nfap.minsvyaz.ru. Currently, the GosLinux platform is being actively deployed in all territorial authorities and divisions of the FSSP of Russia. The OS was also handed over for trial operation to representatives of the authorities of the Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd and Yaroslavl regions.

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Developer: Almi LLC

Product website:

Another Linux build on our list that definitely doesn't suffer from a lack of praise from developers. " Unique, ideal, simple, combining the convenience of an operating room Windows systems, macOS stability and Linux security“- such phrases raising AlterOS to the skies are stitched up and down the official website of the product. What exactly is the uniqueness of the domestic platform is not stated on the site, but information is provided about three editions of the OS: AlterOS “Volga” for the public sector, AlterOS “Amur” for the corporate segment and AlterOS “Don” for servers. The system is reported to be compatible with many software solutions in demand in the business environment, including 1C and Consultant Plus, as well as domestic cryptographic protection tools (for example, CryptoPro). Special emphasis is placed on the absence in the version of the platform for government organizations of software that interacts with foreign servers - everything is done according to the canons of maximum import substitution, the developers say.

⇡ Mobile Armed Forces System (MSMS)

Developer: All-Russian Research Institute of Control Automation in the Non-Industrial Sphere named after. V.V. Solomatina (VNIINS)

A secure general-purpose operating system designed for building stationary and mobile secure automated systems in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Accepted for supply to the RF Armed Forces in 2002. WSWS is based on the Linux kernel and components, supplemented by discretionary, mandatory and role-based models for restricting access to information. The system operates on hardware Intel platforms(x86 and x86_64), SPARC (“Elbrus-90micro”), MIPS, PowerPC64, SPARC64 and is certified according to the information security requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The security measures implemented in WSWS make it possible to create automated systems based on the platform that process information that constitutes a state secret and has a secrecy level of “SS” (top secret).

⇡ "Zarya"

Developer: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Economics, Informatics and Control Systems" ("TsNII EISU", part of the "United Instrument-Making Corporation")

A family of software platforms based on the Linux kernel, which represent an alternative to foreign operating systems currently used in law enforcement agencies, the public sector and defense enterprises. The Zarya desktop operating system is compatible with most traditional office applications and programs. The Zarya-DPC server platform allows you to organize an application server or database server. To build data centers, it offers a standard set of server software, virtualization tools, as well as the ability to work on so-called “big hardware,” including mainframes. For embedded systems operating without human intervention, which must process information in real time, a special OS “Zarya RV” has been developed. The system corresponds to the third class of protection against unauthorized access and the second level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The platform was developed by order of the Russian Ministry of Defense and is expected to be in demand by law enforcement agencies, the defense complex, as well as commercial structures working with state secrets and personal data.

Operating system for terminal stations. It is based on Linux and contains only the necessary set of tools for organizing workspaces using thin clients. All features beyond this scope are excluded from the distribution. Kraftway Terminal Linux supports many network protocols application level (RDP, VNC, SSH, NX, XWindow, VMWare View PCoIP, etc.), allows you to configure access rights for forwarding USB media, provides the ability to use network and local printers, contains tools for restoring the OS configuration upon reboot, as well as tools remote group control of terminal stations and administration of workstations. A special feature of the system is its high security. Kraftway Terminal Linux also supports user authentication hardware: eToken PRO and eToken PRO Java USB keys from Aladdin R.D. CJSC, as well as RuToken S and RuToken EDS from Active-Soft CJSC. The OS update can be carried out by the administrator via local network or from a USB flash drive. It is possible to configure auto-update as with local server the customer and from the Kraftway server.

⇡ WTware

Developer: Andrey Kovalev

Another software platform for deploying workplaces in the IT infrastructure of an enterprise using inexpensive terminal solutions. The WTware distribution includes services for downloading over the network, tools for working with printers, barcode scanners and other peripheral equipment. COM and USB port redirection is supported, as well as smart card authentication. To connect to the terminal server, the RDP protocol is used, and to quickly resolve issues that arise when setting up the operating system, detailed documentation is included in the distribution kit. WTware is distributed under commercial terms and licensed by the number of workstations. For the Raspberry Pi mini-computer, the developer offers free version OS.

⇡ KasperskyOS

Developer: Kaspersky Lab

A secure operating system designed for use in critical infrastructures and devices. The Kaspersky Lab platform can be used in automated control systems technological processes(APCS), telecommunications equipment, medical devices, cars and other gadgets from the world of the Internet of Things. The OS was created from scratch and, due to its architecture, guarantees a high level of information security. The basic operating principle of KasperskyOS comes down to the rule “everything that is not permitted is prohibited.” This eliminates the possibility of exploiting both already known vulnerabilities and those that will be discovered in the future. At the same time, all security policies, including prohibitions on performing certain processes and actions, are configured in accordance with the needs of the organization. The platform will be supplied as pre-installed software on various types equipment used in industrial and corporate networks. Currently, Kaspersky Lab's secure OS is embedded in an L3 routing switch developed by Kraftway.

A real-time operating system (RTOS), written by AstroSoft programmers from scratch, without borrowing anyone else's code, and designed primarily for the Internet of Things and embedded devices. In addition, it is suitable for robotics, medical equipment, systems " smart home"and "smart city", consumer electronics, etc. For the first time, the real-time OS "MAX" (the abbreviation stands for "multi-agent coherent system") was demonstrated to a wide audience in January 2017. The platform not only implements all the classic functionality of products of this type, but also has a number of unique capabilities for organizing the interaction of multiple devices, making it possible to simplify the creation of mechanisms necessary in embedded systems: redundancy, hot-swappable equipment, etc. One of the features of MAX is support for shared memory at the device level. This mechanism ensures automatic synchronization of information between nodes of a distributed system, resistant to failures of individual components. RTOS "MAX" is included in the register of domestic software. In addition, the product is registered in Federal service on intellectual property (Rospatent) and is currently undergoing certification by the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia) for the fourth level of control of undeclared capabilities (NDV).

⇡ As a conclusion

There are two approaches to creating Russian software. The first is to write source code products from scratch, entirely by domestic specialists. The second option involves the creation of national software based on the modification of borrowed source codes. This is precisely what Russian software companies working in the field of software import substitution adhere to. Our top 20 operating systems with the “Made in Russia” label are a clear confirmation of this. Whether this is good or bad is a big question, a subject for a separate discussion.

OS ROSA great option Russian production. Since my work is computer related, I am constantly in search of the ideal operating system. What does this concept include? Security, speed, and operation without any system freezes. Last thing windows time does not please users, so I turned my attention to the Russian OS ROSA.

It was created from Mandriva in 2011. However, a really working version of the system came out a year later. Rosa Desktop Fresh 2012 is now new page domestic analogues windows.

A tremendous amount of work was done by specialists on it. different countries, about 1 million lines of code were changed and added, almost 16 thousand packages were updated in their repositories. This line of systems also includes a server version - Rosa Server and a more popular desktop version - Rosa Desktop, which in turn comes in three editions. Such as Free (free components), EE (extended) and LTS (characterized by 5 years of support). Unlike, and the ROSA operating system has a number of advantages.

Russian operating system for PC Rosa advantages

In my opinion, Desktop is best suited for personal use, since it contains all the best developments. Due to this, it, like other versions, has a number of advantages:

It combines elegant design and excellent functionality due to the selection of programs collected in it;

Having installed such a system, you do not need to look for drivers; they come with the OS. Thus, it is a complete package. Installed and rejoice;

If you doubt the need to change the system, you can use the so-called “guest mode”. To do this you need to create bootable USB flash drive and test this OS without demolishing the previous one;

Due to the fact that ROSA is certified by FSTEC, it is perfect for organizations for which safety comes first;

In this system, the interface is very well thought out and all the necessary tools are easy to find, although they are slightly different from what we are used to. So, for example, after pressing the “Start” button, you find yourself in some semblance of a menu for androids and (or) smartphones;

ROSA allows you to experiment with installed programs in “freeze mode”, and after a reboot, return the system to its original state.

Download OS ROSA-http://www.rosalinux.ru/rosa-linux-download-links/

A very wise decision by the developers was that they made ROSA OS free. This step leads to its rapid spread without any imposition on users.
The ROSA operating system, due to its security and ease of use, has become a ideal option. And its ability to distribute WiFi in two clicks was a rather pleasant surprise for me.