Russian software for computer. Russian operating system. WinRAR Developer: Eugene Roshal
I think that any of the readers of this article no longer considers the words “Operating system” and “Windows” to be synonymous, because. knows at least one or more other systems. For many it will be Android, even for a significant circle it is known Windows phone and iOS, slightly fewer people have heard of OS X, FreeBSD and Ubuntu. All these operating systems are developed by Western (mainly American) organizations. At first glance, there is nowhere for a Russian person to cast his eyes ... but no. We also have our masters.
We have already become accustomed to the fact that information technologies for Russia are not a subject of creativity, but a subject of passive study. Yes, we know the world-class antivirus from Kaspersky or on this moment the best text recognizer FineReader is also from a Russian company. Someone will remember Dr.Web. But in the general context, this is, if not a drop, then a small puddle in the sea that makes up our computer horizons. This illusion is erroneous, because not all active members of the IT community are evaluated, but only those who actively promote themselves through advertising or sales managers. And who is outside our horizons? Yes, tens of thousands of domestic developers of different levels of professionalism and different areas of tasks to be solved.
It's no secret that the most important component of any computer (except for the pieces of iron inside the case) is the operating system. But do we have here something to look after ourselves from the domestic? It turns out there is. Here is a short list of real projects that have been launched and have been working for more than a year:
I decided to consider the first one (ROSA), because I assume that it is the most convenient for former Windows users from all I have tried. More precisely: the editorial office "for the people" - Fresh (i.e. "Fresh" ROSA).
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The main problem for the user of the new operating system is mastering the new logic of working with a computer (after all, ROSA is not a clone of Windows, but a completely different OS). For example, a person who decides to switch to Apple's OS X will have to strongly reject the habits of Windows, down to the "hot keys". Here, the Russian operating system has a minimum of problems: the bottom panel resembles the usual “Vendovaya” according to the logic of operation, and the menu device (let's conditionally call it “START”) will please with its simplicity and functionality.
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But this is only external "cosmetics". Inside there are all the tools necessary even for a fairly advanced user: built-in players for a huge number of formats, a full-fledged office suite (similar to MS Office), graphics, audio and video editors, an email client, two (!) Browsers for fans from different camps (Firefox and Chromium) , a client capable of connecting to ICQ and QIP, utilities for burning bootable flash drives and disks. If necessary, install Skype, TeamViewer and others useful programs through a convenient and concise program installer (most programs are installed and updated through this one tool without the need to update manually).
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And even with all the massiveness of the pre-installed set of programs, ROSA manages to load and shut down faster than the products of the Redmond corporation. And the problem of viruses will only bother those who purposefully install them in the system. “Suddenly” they cannot appear on the computer.
With all this, the system has many unique features for the Windows user. What is worth only the ability to distribute WiFi Internet from your laptop in two clicks or the ability, after turning on the “freeze mode”, to mock experiments on the system, and then, after rebooting, see the system in a “pre-frozen” state.
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In general, the benefits are many. You have to touch them to understand it. To do this, just boot into a full-fledged operating system directly from a CD or USB flash drive without installing the system (unusual, right?). And if you like it, then install the system and browse the Internet during installation or write an interesting article.
Another advantage of the Russian OS is an active and accessible Russian-speaking community
1. ROSA Linux
The ROSA Linux distribution is developed by the Russian company STC IT ROSA or the Scientific and Technical Center information technologies"Russian operating systems", development began in 2007 and to this day a lot of improvements have been made.
The distribution was originally based on Mandriva, the desktop and server versions were based on Red Hat. But after Mandriva was closed, the OpenMandriva project was based on Rosa Linux.
It is an easy to use and install system that provides most of what the average user needs. software from the box.
Also, along with the distribution kit, all the necessary media codecs are supplied. The system interface and window design is a bit similar to the style of Windows, and this will help new users to better get used to the system.
KDE is used as the desktop shell. In addition, the Rosa developers make many improvements and fixes to most of the packages they ship.
2. Calculate Linux
Calculate Linux is being developed by Alexander Tratsevsky from Russia. This distribution is based on Gentoo and includes all the benefits of Gentoo plus a lot of extras and a graphical installer.
The development of the project began in 2007. Calculate is especially good for a business environment. It is optimized for rapid deployment so you can set up a configuration on one computer and use it on all others.
User under his account can use the system regardless of the computer. The latest version of Calculate is 15.12. This version added the ability to create a LiveUSB, added support for the open source AMDGPU driver, and many other improvements.
3. ZorinOS
The ZorinOS operating system was developed by Artem Zorin, a native of Russia, who is currently based in Ireland.
This is another enterprise-class distro that is very similar to Windows. ZorinOS is based on Ubuntu and uses the Gnome 3 desktop environment and its own Zorin DE skin to organize the user interface.
The latest stable release of ZorinOS 9 is based on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, while the latest ZorinOS 11 is based on Ubuntu 15.10. A feature of ZorinOS is its own design themes similar to Windows XP and 7 at the same time, as well as a theme management utility that allows you to customize appearance desktop.
ZorinOS currently comes in two main versions - stable 9, and the latest 11. Both versions come in Core, Lite, Business and Ultimate editions. The first two editions are free, while the last two are available for 8.99 and 9.99 respectively.
4. Runtu
This distribution was probably the first Linux distribution for many Russians. It is based on Ubuntu and offers improved Russian localization. The development of the project began back in 2007.
Then Alexey Chernomorenko and Alexander Becher prepared a special assembly of Ubuntu for a report at a scientific conference on open source software: Ubuntu Full Power Linux.
In the future, this assembly gained popularity among users and in the field of education and was renamed Runtu.
The main goal of this distribution is to provide beginners with a perfectly localized and simple system with all the necessary software out of the box. In addition, there is also its own software, such as the Runtu Assistant utility, which will help new users better set up the system.
The last release of Runtu was in March 2015. The software has been updated, 64-bit support has been added and some corrections have been made.
5. Astra Linux
The Astra Linux distribution is being developed by NPO RusBITech for military purposes, law enforcement agencies and the FSB.
The distribution is focused on data protection and is used in various government agencies.
The distribution comes in two editions: Spesial Edition and Common Edition.
The general edition is intended for enterprises, the special edition is for special services. A lot of proprietary software comes with the system.
All applications developed by the authors of the distribution have the fly prefix. This is fly fm file manager, Fly panel, fly-admin-wicd - manager network connections, fly-update-notifier - update widget, Fly terminal, fly-videocamera, fly-record - sound recording, fly-cddvdburner, fly-ocr - text recognition, etc. By the way, it is important to note that the fly file manager is very similar to Windows Explorer.
The latest release, at the time of this writing, took place on March 17, 2016, and this is Astra Linux version 1.11.
6. ALT Linux
ALT Linux is developed by the Russian company of the same name: "Alt Linux".
And again, the operating system is designed for the business sector.
By default, all necessary software is supplied for office work, work with graphics, sound processing, video and programming.
During installation, you can select the components of the distribution that you want to install, and thus form the functionality of the distribution.
The default desktop environment is KDE 4.
Minimum system requirements 768 megabytes random access memory, as well as a video card with support for 3D acceleration.
The most recent version of Alt Linux is 7.0.5, which was released in early 2015.
7 Agilla Linux
Another distribution of Russian origin.
Formerly known as MOPS Linux.
Initially based on Slackware Linux. It combines beauty and speed.
Unlike MOPS, the installer has been completely redesigned and the number of applications supplied by default has been increased. The frequency of releases is once every three months.
Its main goal is to search for complexes of solutions for the specific needs of consumers. The catalog is implemented on the principle of "Web 2.0" and will allow software customers to quickly and efficiently find the necessary products, make them completely domestic integrated solutions ready for implementation. Read more.
2019
Natalya Kasperskaya asks the government for 39 billion rubles for state support of software developers
Entry into force of the updated rules for checking Russian software
On February 4, 2019 it became known of the entry into force of the order of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications No. 722 on the approval of the procedure and methodology for confirming the compliance of computer programs and databases, information about which is included in the register of Russian software, with additional requirements approved by the decree of the government of the Russian Federation of March 23, 2017 No. 325. Read more.
2016
Allocation of 5 billion rubles for financing of software development
On January 1, 2016, the work of the Register of Domestic Software was approved, which should be used by state bodies and state corporations of Russia when choosing software that can replace foreign solutions.
2015
Rules for the formation of the register of domestic software approved
Government Decree No. 1236 dated November 16, 2015 approved the rules for the formation of a register of domestic software.
The Ministry of Finance refuses the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications in creation of the organization for software financing
The Duma Commission admits that as of July 30, 2014, there is no single normative act where all these definitions could be introduced, but it is quite obvious that they will be required if one tries to legally support domestic companies and create preferences for them in public procurement. Therefore, in the context of the import substitution policy declared in the state, all this work seems to be very relevant.
July 23, 2014: Definition of the Ministry of Industry and Trade
On July 23, 2014, a meeting was held in the presidential administration, at which the criteria developed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade for determining domestic software (SW) were discussed. This was told to Vedomosti by several people who participated in the meeting or were close to Russian developers. At the disposal of Vedomosti was a draft proposal of the ministry with a definition of "software of Russian origin", which almost completely coincides with the recommendations of several associations of Russian software companies - the Association of Developers software products, Russoft, the Russian Association of Free Software and the Association of Manufacturers of Electronic Equipment and Devices.
In early June 2014, the presidential administration recommended that the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications develop a definition of domestic software. The departments had until July 10 to fulfill this order: firstly, to prepare definitions for domestic software and its manufacturer, and secondly, to develop amendments to the legislation that encourage government bodies and state corporations to purchase, first of all, software of Russian origin.
The Ministry of Industry and Trade proposes to consider as domestic that software product, the rights to which belong to a Russian legal entity, at least 51% of the authorized capital of which is owned by Russian residents - individuals or companies, state-owned companies and state corporations, unitary enterprises or subjects of the Federation. It's about about the ultimate beneficiaries, and not about the formal owners, follows from the proposals developed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade.
State support for domestic software developers will help develop the industry and help strengthen the position of Russian companies in the domestic and international markets, according to a document studied by Vedomosti. True, its authors warn that imposing domestic software on state buyers is fraught with a decrease in competition: a domestic developer will certainly be confident in state support, and he will not be motivated to develop a software product. The participants of yesterday's meeting agreed that, when discussing import substitution, it is necessary to separate the economic aspect (support for the Russian IT industry) from the technological one (IT security), says Kirill Varlamov, director of the Internet Initiatives Development Fund, who was present at the meeting.
Experts of the Ministry of Industry and Trade see the creation and maintenance of a register of domestic software as the main tool for regulating the industry. The department proposes to assign Russian status to software products according to the same scheme that applies to telecommunications equipment (Russian status is assigned to equipment depending on what share of its cost falls on Russia).
The fact that the essence of the ministry's proposals is as follows is known to several people close to the participants in the meeting. And on July 21, 2014, a meeting of the interim commission under the Federation Council on the issue of import substitution of software was held, and the representatives of the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Communications who were present there agreed with the definition of Russian software as a product, the rights to which belong to a person controlled by at least 51% of Russian residents, says a member upper chamber Ruslan Gattarov.
This position coincides with the proposals of the Russian associations of software developers, but differs from the proposal expressed on July 3, 2014 by members of the commission under the State Duma Committee on Science and High Technologies. They suggested that a Russian IT company worthy of priority access to a government order be considered an enterprise in which the share of foreign capital does not exceed 25% minus 1 share, in which more than 75% of its revenue is generated in Russia, which is a Russian tax and legal resident, and the share foreigners among its employees does not exceed 25%. This idea belonged to the National Association for Innovation and Development of Information Technologies (NAIRIT), headed by Olga Uskova, president of the Russian developer Cognitive Technologies and a member of the commission at the Duma committee. Yesterday, a NAIRIT representative told Vedomosti that the association had already coordinated its position with other IT associations. And Andrey Chernogorov, executive secretary of the commission under the Duma committee, acknowledged that her previous position was tough - it will be softened, he knows.
The option that linked the Russian origin of software with Russia's contribution to the revenue of its developer left no chance of becoming a "domestic manufacturer" of either Kaspersky Lab or, for example, Parallels (Parallels Software): both of them generate most of their income outside of Russia. The new criteria, which was supported by the Ministry of Industry and Trade, “are agreed with market participants and are much more balanced and suitable for determining domestic software,” says Sergey Zemkov, managing director of Kaspersky Lab in Russia, the countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia. The criterion of ownership of intellectual property by a Russian legal entity makes sense, but it is important that the development is in Russia, warns Nikolay Dobrovolsky, Vice President for Personal Computer Virtualization at Parallels. Otherwise, a foreign company will be able to transfer the rights to a foreign product to a Russian legal entity not related to its development, but affiliated with it, while it is also impossible to quickly transfer the development to the right country, he argues.
An employee of the press service of the presidential administration limited himself to confirming the fact of yesterday's meeting. And the representative of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications said only that the department, following the instructions of the president, is carrying out “comprehensive work on the development of Russian software”: in particular, on July 18, a meeting was held with representatives of the largest Russian IT companies, where “the expediency and practical benefits of introducing and defining criteria for domestic software” and specific support measures.
July 15, 2014: Definition of "Domestic software" from industry associations
On July 15, 2014 profile IT associations ARPP "Domestic Soft", Russoft, RASPO, APEAP agreed on a single definition of domestic software. The main factor is that exclusive rights to software products belong to Russia. The copyright holder may be a Russian entity, control in which is carried out by citizens of Russia or the state. The criteria are published on the website of the Association of Software Developers "Domestic Software".
Approval of the definition of domestic software is the first step in supporting Russian software products. It is also proposed to create a registry of domestic software and establish priority for software products of the registry when public procurement. At the same time, in the absence of the necessary Russian solution, state customers should still be able to purchase foreign analogues.
“We have been working on formulating the criteria for a long time. Russian software developers, lawyers, and independent experts took part in this work. The rights to a software product determine its control by Russia, and also form a profit center in our country. Thus, this criterion is important both for ensuring technological independence and for the economic development of the country,” says Evgenia Vasilenko, Executive Director of the ARPP Association “Domestic Soft”.
According to her, now it is very important to create favorable conditions in the country for the development of Russian software. First of all, this is due to the stimulation of demand for national products, which is a common global practice.
“The adoption of the definition of domestic software was a response to sanctions against Russia, which unexpectedly sharply increased the risks of using foreign software. Related measures to support domestic manufacturers are limited to the purposes of software purchases by state bodies and enterprises with state participation, and do not apply to the open market. We continue to believe that the main measures of state support for Russian manufacturers should be investments in education and R&D, lowering administrative barriers, and supporting exports,” commented Valentin Makarov, President of NP RUSSOFT.
In the comment of TAdviser Alexander Pozdnyakov, the CEO of First Line Software, also notes the importance of creating comfortable conditions for software developers for the opportunity to grow domestic software.
"The state is already moving towards creating a more convenient environment for software companies. There is a reduced rate of social taxes. This is very correct. As for import substitution and the promotion of Russian solutions, if good software is created in the country, it will be bought side of the state," he said.
“The initiative of the State Duma in terms of legislative support for import substitution is extremely timely. We have tried to give the most complete definition of the criteria for Russian software. Note that this definition allows Russian developers to use free and open source software as part of their software products, while the final solution will be, according to the criteria, Russian,” says Alexander Zhmurko, President of NP RASPO.
The criteria for determining domestic software and a domestic software manufacturer are described in a letter from NP RUSSOFT sent to the State Duma of the Russian Federation. The letter also states that RUSSOFT supports government measures to ensure information security and technological independence. In addition to the import substitution policy, it is proposed to invest in research and development in the field of software engineering, develop specialized education and a system for retraining IT personnel, and create a program to support high-tech exports.
As necessary measures, the creation of a Commission for the legal support of these tasks is indicated, including the legislative consolidation of the concept of "domestic software". And so on. At the same time, it is proposed to limit the circle software solutions for which the use of import substitution is mandatory, types of solutions that are critical for information security, technological independence and global competitiveness of the country, such as: operating systems (OS), database management systems (DBMS) and data warehouse management, CAD, EDMS, information systems security, cryptography and »
The need to accelerate the development of the domestic software market, ensure maximum independence from foreign developments in the field of high technologies and preserve information sovereignty was first discussed at the highest level in 2014, when US and EU sanctions sharply increased the risks associated with the use of foreign software in business and government organizations . It was then that the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation was seriously puzzled by the solution of this strategically significant, according to officials, issue, along with stimulating demand for national products and developing appropriate measures to support domestic developers. As a result, restrictions on the admission of foreign software in state and municipal procurement, as well as the rules for the formation and maintenance of a unified register of Russian programs, were approved at the legislative level as soon as possible. All this had a positive impact on the software market in Russia, which has recently been replenished with many interesting projects and developments. Including in the field of operating systems.
Alt Linux SPT is a unified Linux distribution for servers, workstations and thin clients with built-in software tools information protection, which can be used to build automated systems according to class 1B inclusive and personal data information systems (ISPD) according to class 1K inclusive. The OS allows you to simultaneously store and process on one personal computer or server confidential data, provide multi-user work with access control to information, work with virtual machines, as well as use centralized authorization tools. The certificate issued by the FSTEC of Russia confirms the compliance of the product with the requirements of the following guidelines: computer science. Protection against unauthorized access to information. Indicators of security against unauthorized access to information” - for the 4th class of security; "Protection against unauthorized access to information. Part 1. Information security software. Classification according to the level of lack of undeclared capabilities” - according to the 3rd level of control and technical conditions. Technical support for Alt Linux SPT users is provided by Free Software and Technologies through its developer partner Basalt SPO.
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Developer: Basalt SPO
The Alt platform is a set of enterprise-level Linux distributions that allow you to deploy a corporate IT infrastructure of any scale. The platform includes three distributions. This is a universal "Alt Workstation", which includes an operating system and a set of applications for full-fledged work. The second is the Alt Server server distribution, which can act as a domain controller Active Directory and contains the most complete set of services and environments for creating a corporate infrastructure (DBMS, mail and web server, authentication tools, group work, virtual machine management and monitoring, and other tools). The third is "Alt Education 8", focused on everyday use in planning, organizing and conducting the educational process in institutions of general, secondary and higher education. In addition, the product series of Basalt SPO includes the aforementioned certified distribution kit Alt Linux SPT and the Simply Linux operating system for home users.
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Developer: National Informatization Center (part of Rostec State Corporation)
A Russian project to create an ecosystem of Linux distribution-based software products designed for integrated automation of workplaces and IT infrastructure of organizations and enterprises, including data centers, servers and client workstations. The platform is presented in OS.Office and OS.Server variants. They differ in the sets of application software included in the distribution. The office edition of the product contains the actual operating system, information security tools, a software package for working with documents, an email client and a browser. The server version includes an operating system, information security tools, monitoring and system management tools, a server Email and DBMS. Potential users of the platform include federal and regional authorities, local governments, companies with state participation and state corporations. It is assumed that the OS-based ecosystem will become a full-fledged alternative to Western counterparts in the near future.
The development of the research and production association "RusBITech", presented in two versions: Astra Linux Common Edition (general purpose) and Astra Linux Special Edition (special purpose). Peculiarities latest version OS: advanced tools for ensuring information security of processed data, a mechanism for mandatory access control and control of the closure of the software environment, built-in tools for marking documents, registering events, monitoring data integrity, as well as other components that ensure information protection. According to the developers, Astra Linux Special Edition is the only software platform that is simultaneously certified in the information security certification systems of the FSTEC of Russia, the Federal Security Service, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and allows processing in automated tools of all ministries, departments and other institutions Russian Federation information limited access containing information constituting a state secret with a signature stamp not higher than "top secret".
⇡ ROSAlinux
Developer: NTC IT ROSA LLC
The ROSA Linux family of operating systems includes an impressive set of solutions designed for home use (ROSA Fresh version) and use in a corporate environment (ROSA Enterprise Desktop), deployment of infrastructure IT services of an organization (ROSA Enterprise Linux Server), processing of confidential information and personal data (ROSA "Cobalt"), as well as information constituting a state secret (ROSA "Khrom" and "Nickel"). The listed products are based on the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Mandriva and CentOS with the inclusion of a large number of additional components, including original ones created by programmers of the ROSA Information Technology Science and Technology Center. In particular, OS distributions for the corporate segment of the market include virtualization tools, software for organizing Reserve copy, tools for building private clouds, as well as centralized management of network resources and data storage systems.
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Developer: Calculate company
Calculate Linux is available in Desktop editions, Directory Server, Scratch, Scratch Server and is designed for home users and small and medium businesses that prefer to use open source software instead of proprietary solutions. Platform features: full-fledged work in heterogeneous networks, a mechanism for roaming user profiles, a centralized software deployment toolkit, ease of administration, the ability to install on portable USB drives, and support for binary Gentoo update repositories. It is important that the development team is available and open to any comments, suggestions and wishes of the user audience, as evidenced by the huge number of ways to get involved in the Calculate Linux community and development of the platform.
⇡ "Ulyanovsk.BSD »
Developer: Sergey Volkov
The operating system, which is built on the basis of the freely distributed FreeBSD platform and contains the necessary set of applications for home users and office tasks. According to the sole developer of the OS, Sergey Volkov, Ulyanovsk.BSD is fully adapted to the needs of Russian-speaking users. “Our build is as lightweight as possible and is ideal for use on both home computers and employee workstations. various organizations, as well as for use in educational institutions, ”says the author of the project, without going into details of how the product compiled by him differs from the original. The solidity of the project is added not only by the presence of a distribution kit distributed on commercial terms and paid technical support, but also by an entry in the register of Russian software. This means that the Ulyanovsk.BSD software platform can legally be used by government organizations as part of projects to introduce import-substituting technologies.
A certified and secure operating system that allows you to process information in accordance with Federal Law No. 152 “On Personal Data” and implement systems for processing information of limited access that is not related to state secrets. ICLinux includes remote administration tools, has a built-in firewall certified for compliance with the DOE RD for the 3rd security class, supports RDP, X-Windows System, SSH, Telnet, VNC, VPN, NX, ICA and other protocols. Also in the assets of the platform are compatibility with the means of authentication of the company "Aladdin R.D." and a modular architecture that allows you to flexibly customize the operating system to meet customer requirements.
⇡ Alpha OS (Alfa OS)
Developer: ALFA Vision
Another Linux clone equipped with user interface a la macOS with a set of familiar office applications and filled with deep philosophical meaning. No kidding, on the developer's website in the "About the company" section, it says: " The operating system is a special phenomenon, a point at which technological, aesthetic and humanitarian concepts converge. The top, which is visible from all sides. For it to shine, to become what it should be, the most diverse meaningful experience is needed. And we have it". How much expression in these words, what a presentation of information! Agree, not everyone can present their product to a wide audience so expressively. At the moment, "Alpha OS" is presented as a desktop version for x86-compatible systems. In the future, ALFA Vision intends to roll out mobile and server editions of the OS to the market, as well as a distribution kit for devices based on ARM processors.
A software platform designed specifically for computing systems with the SPARC and Elbrus architecture. A feature of the system is a radically redesigned Linux kernel, in which special process control mechanisms were implemented, virtual memory, interrupts, signals, synchronization, support for tagged calculations. " We have done fundamental work to transform the Linux OS into a real-time operating system, for which actual optimizations have been implemented in the kernel. During real-time operation, you can set various modes for processing external interrupts, scheduling calculations, exchanges with disk drives, and some others.”, - explain in the company “MCST”. In addition, a complex of information protection tools from unauthorized access is built into the core of the Elbrus software platform, which allows using the OS to build automated systems that meet the highest information security requirements. The system also includes archiving, task scheduling, software development and other tools.
⇡ "RedOS"
An operating system based on the Linux kernel, created with an eye to ensuring the security of processed data. "Red OS" complies with national information security requirements, has preconfigured configurations for each hardware architecture, uses GOST 34.11-2012 algorithms in the ssh and NX protocols, and also supports access control lists. In addition, the OS supports network authentication using pluggable authentication modules (PAM, Pluggable Authentication Modules) and includes a specialized distributed audit subsystem that allows you to track critical security events in the corporate network and provides the IT administrator with the necessary tools for prompt response to incidents. IB.
⇡ GosLinux ("GosLinux")
Developer: Red Soft company
GosLinux OS was created specifically for the needs of the Federal Bailiff Service of the Russian Federation (FSSP of Russia) and is suitable for use in all government bodies, state non-budgetary funds and local governments. The platform is built on the basis of the CentOS 6.4 distribution kit, which includes the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The system is presented in two editions - for servers and workstations, contains a simplified GUI and a set of preconfigured information security tools. The OS developer is the Red Soft company, which won in March 2013 the competition for the revision, implementation and maintenance of automated information systems of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. In 2014, the system received a certificate of conformity from the FSTEC of Russia, confirming that GosLinux has an estimated level of trust OUD3 and complies with the requirements of the governing document of the State Technical Commission of the Russian Federation on the 4th level of monitoring the absence of undeclared capabilities. The GosLinux distribution kit for public authorities is placed in the national fund of algorithms and programs at nfap.minsvyaz.ru. At the moment, the GosLinux platform is being actively deployed in all territorial bodies and subdivisions of the FSSP of Russia. The OS was also transferred for trial operation to representatives of the authorities of the Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd and Yaroslavl regions.
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Developer: Almi LLC
Product website:
Another Linux build on our list that certainly doesn't suffer from a lack of laudatory epithets from its developers. " Unique, ideal, simple, combining the convenience of the operating room Windows systems, macOS stability and Linux security"- with such phrases raising AlterOS to the skies, the official website of the product is stitched up and down. What exactly is the uniqueness of the domestic platform, the site does not say, but information is provided on three editions of the OS: AlterOS Volga for the public sector, AlterOS Amur for the corporate segment and AlterOS Don for servers. It is reported that the system is compatible with many software solutions that are in demand in the business environment, including 1C and Consultant Plus, as well as domestic cryptographic protection tools (for example, CryptoPro). A separate emphasis is placed on the absence in the version of the platform for government organizations of software that interacts with foreign servers - everything is done according to the canons of maximum import substitution, the developers say.
⇡ Mobile System of the Armed Forces (MSVS)
Developer: All-Russian Research Institute of Control Automation in the Non-Industrial Sphere. V. V. Solomatina (VNIINS)
A secure general-purpose operating system designed to build stationary and mobile secure automated systems in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Accepted for supply to the RF Armed Forces in 2002. The WSWS is based on the kernel and components of Linux, supplemented by discretionary, mandated and role-based models of access to information. The system operates on hardware Intel platforms(x86 and x86_64), SPARC (Elbrus-90micro), MIPS, PowerPC64, SPARC64 and is certified according to the information security requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The means of protection implemented in the WSVS make it possible to create automated systems based on the platform that process information constituting a state secret with a secrecy degree of "SS" (top secret).
⇡ "Dawn"
Developer: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Economics, Informatics and Control Systems" ("TsNII EISU", part of the "United Instrument-Making Corporation")
A family of software platforms based on the Linux kernel, which are an alternative to foreign operating systems currently used in law enforcement agencies, the public sector and defense enterprises. The Zarya desktop operating system is compatible with most traditional office applications and programs. The Zarya-DPC server platform allows you to organize an application server or a database server. To build data centers, it offers a standard set of server software, virtualization tools, as well as the ability to work on the so-called "big hardware", including mainframes. For embedded systems that work without human intervention, which must process information in real time, a special Zarya RV OS has been developed. The system corresponds to the third class of protection against unauthorized access and the second level of control of the absence of undeclared capabilities. The platform was developed by order of the Russian Ministry of Defense and is expected to be in demand by law enforcement agencies, the defense complex, as well as commercial structures working with state secrets and personal data.
Operating system for terminal stations. It is based on Linux and contains only the necessary set of tools for organizing workplaces using thin clients. All functions beyond these limits are excluded from the distribution. Kraftway Terminal Linux supports many network protocols application level (RDP, VNC, SSH, NX, XWindow, VMWare View PCoIP, etc.), allows you to configure access rights for forwarding USB drives, provides the ability to use network and local printers, contains tools for restoring the OS configuration upon reboot, as well as tools remote group management of terminal stations and administration of workstations. A feature of the system is high security. Kraftway Terminal Linux also supports user authentication hardware: eToken PRO and eToken PRO Java USB keys from CJSC Aladdin R.D., as well as RuToken S and RuToken EDS from CJSC Active-soft. The OS update can be done by the administrator via local network or from a USB stick. You can set up auto-update as local server customer, and from the Kraftway server.
⇡ wtware
Developer: Andrey Kovalev
Another software platform for deploying workplaces in the IT infrastructure of an enterprise using inexpensive terminal solutions. The WTware distribution includes services for network booting, tools for working with printers, barcode scanners and other peripheral equipment. Supports redirection of COM and USB ports, as well as smart card authentication. To connect to the terminal server, the RDP protocol is used, and detailed documentation is attached to the distribution to quickly resolve issues that arise when setting up the operating system. WTware is distributed under commercial terms and is licensed by the number of workstations. For the Raspberry Pi minicomputer, the developer suggests free version OS.
⇡ Kaspersky OS
Developer: Kaspersky Lab
A secure operating system designed for use in critical infrastructures and devices. The Kaspersky Lab platform can be used in automated systems management technological processes(APCS), telecommunications equipment, medical devices, cars and other gadgets from the world of the Internet of things. The OS was created from scratch and, by virtue of its architecture, guarantees a high level of information security. The basic principle of operation of KasperskyOS is reduced to the rule "everything that is not allowed is prohibited." This eliminates the possibility of exploiting both known vulnerabilities and those that will be discovered in the future. At the same time, all security policies, including prohibitions on the execution of certain processes and actions, are configured in accordance with the needs of the organization. The platform will be delivered as pre-installed software on various types equipment used in industrial and corporate networks. Currently, the secure OS of Kaspersky Lab is implemented in the L3 routing switch developed by Kraftway.
A real-time operating system (RTOS) written by AstroSoft programmers from scratch, without borrowing someone else's code, and designed primarily for the Internet of things and embedded devices. In addition, it is suitable for robotics, medical equipment, systems " smart home and smart city, consumer electronics etc. For the first time, the MAKS real-time OS (the abbreviation stands for “multi-agent coherent system”) was demonstrated to a wide audience in January 2017. The platform not only implements all the classic functionality of products of this type, but also has a number of unique features for organizing the interaction of multiple devices, which make it possible to simplify the creation of the mechanisms necessary in embedded systems: redundancy, hot swapping of equipment, etc. One of the features of MAKS is support for shared memory at the device level. This mechanism provides automatic synchronization of information between the nodes of a distributed system, resistant to failures of individual components. RTOS "MAKS" is included in the register of domestic software. In addition, the product is registered in Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) and is currently being certified by the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia) for the fourth level of control of undeclared capabilities (NDV).
⇡ As a conclusion
There are two approaches to creating Russian software. The first is to write source code products from scratch, entirely by domestic specialists. The second option involves the creation of national software based on the revision of borrowed source codes. This is exactly what Russian software companies working in the field of software import substitution adhere to. Our top 20 operating systems with the "Made in Russia" label are a clear confirmation of this. Whether this is good or bad is a big question, the subject of a separate discussion.
OS ROSA is a great Russian-made option. Since my job is computer related, I am constantly on the lookout for the perfect operating system. What is included in this concept? Security, speed, as well as work without any "freezes" of the system. Last thing windows time does not please users, so I drew attention to the Russian OS ROSA.
It was created from Mandriva in 2011. However, a really working version of the system came out a year later. Rosa Desktop Fresh 2012 became new page domestic analogues windows.
An enormous amount of work has been done by experts. different countries, changed and added about 1 million lines of code, almost 16 thousand packages were updated in their repositories. Also included in this line of systems is a server version - Rosa Server and a more popular desktop version - Rosa Desktop, which in turn comes in three editions. Such as Free (free components), EE (extended) and LTS (characterized by 5 years of support). Unlike , and the ROSA operating system has a number of advantages.
Russian operating system for PC Rosa advantages
In my opinion, Desktop is best suited for personal use, since it contains all the best developments. Due to this, it, like other versions, has a number of advantages:
It combines an elegant design and excellent functionality due to the selection of programs collected in it;
Having installed such a system, you do not need to look for drivers, they come with the OS. Thus, it is a complete set. Installed and rejoice;
If you doubt the need to change the system, you can use the so-called "guest mode". To do this, create a bootable USB flash drive and test this OS without demolishing the previous one;
Due to the fact that ROSA is certified by the FSTEC, it is perfect for organizations for which safety comes first;
In this system, the interface is very well thought out and all the necessary tools are easy to find, although they are slightly different from what we are used to. So, for example, after pressing the "Start" button, you find yourself in some kind of menu of androids and (or) smartphones;
ROSA allows you to experiment with installed programs in "freeze mode", and after a reboot, return the system to its original state.
Download OS ROSA-http://www.rosalinux.ru/rosa-linux-download-links/
A very wise decision of the developers was that they made the ROSA OS free. Such a step leads to its rapid distribution without any imposition on users.
The ROSA operating system, due to its security and ease of use, has become for me ideal option. And its ability to distribute WiFi in two clicks was a pretty pleasant surprise for me.
