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Setting paragraph options in a text editor. Formatting characters and paragraphs in MS Word. Filling a paragraph with color and setting borders

Formatting Operations include breaking the text into lines (within a paragraph) and pages, choosing the location of paragraphs, indents and spaces between paragraphs, wrapping around individual paragraphs, as well as types and styles of fonts. These operations are performed by various word processors with varying degrees of automation. The essence of formatting is the ability word processor change the design of the document on the page, namely:

- change the boundaries of the working field, defining the fields above, below, left, right;
- set line spacing (sparseness of lines on the page) and letter spacing in a word;
- align text - center, press to the left or right border;
- evenly distribute words in a line;
- use different fonts, etc.

Text formatting. When editing a document, its content changes, and when formatting, its appearance changes. In text editors there are character formatting And formatting paragraphs.

At character formatting, as a rule, font parameters are set: typeface, size, style, underline type, etc.

A typeface is a term that defines the overall shape of a character. For example, the roman typeface is a common name for a whole family of classic fonts and is distinguished by serifs at the ends of letters and combinations of thick and thin lines in the style of the character. This typeface is easy to read, so font developers have created many similar-looking fonts based on it, such as the Times New Roman font that comes with Windows.

For any fragment of a document (words, lines, paragraphs, sentences or the entire document), you can set font. The concept of a font includes a combination of the following parameters:

— font type (or typeface). This could be the Times, Courier, etc.;
- font size. Specified in points. For example: 14 pt, 16 pt, etc.;
— style (regular, bold, italic, bold italic);
- type of underlining (single, double, wavy, etc.);
— font color;
— effects (superscript and subscript, strikethrough, shadow, etc.);

To specify a different font, first select the fragment in which you are going to change the font. Then use the toolbar to change the font type, size, and style.

If you need to increase (decrease) the font size, then expand the list of sizes and select the desired value or enter it yourself. To change the font type, expand the list of fonts and select the one you need.

You can make the selected text fragment bold, italic or underlined (in any combination) by clicking the corresponding buttons on the toolbar. With their help, the corresponding effects are removed.

In the editor Microsoft Word finer font formatting can be done by selecting a piece of text and selecting the Format/Font... command. This command opens a dialog box in which you can make all the available font design options. Using the elements of this window, you can change not only the font type and size, but also all other font parameters. After making the necessary settings, press OK.

In addition to the usual characters depicted on the keyboard keys, most fonts include Special symbols and icons. These symbols are used when creating scientific or technical nature, and also when working not with English, but with some other languages. Since these types of symbols are not available on the keyboard, Word provides a dialog box for inserting them.

Formatting Paragraphs

Formatting is often applied to a paragraph.

A paragraph is a piece of text whose input process ended by pressing the Enter key. The paragraph is a key element in document structure for many word processors (although there are others, for example, in Microsoft Word - sections).

Paragraph formatting operations include setting paragraph boundaries and paragraph indents, alignment, and enabling word wrap.

Setting paragraph boundaries performed using indent markers located on the coordinate ruler, or the corresponding menu commands.

Alignment(turn off). There are four types of horizontal (left, right, center, justified) and three types of vertical alignment (up, down, height).

Transfer. When automatic hyphenation is turned off, a word that does not fit on a line is completely wrapped to the next line. This will not add elegance to the text; its right edge remains uneven. For improvement appearance text use hyphenation mode. With the manual hyphenation option, the user himself determines the location of the hyphen by entering a hyphen, and with a hard carriage return (by pressing the Enter key) moves to the next line. Using this hyphenation mode results in the need to remove hyphens when re-formatting the document text.

When the automatic hyphenation mode is turned on, a soft hyphenation option is implemented: the word processor itself divides the word into a slot and hyphenates it in the best possible way. This mode does not create any difficulties when reformatting.

The text usually consists of paragraphs, expressing a complete thought. In the FrontPage editor, as in any other text editor, a paragraph is a piece of text limited paragraph symbol. A paragraph, like a character, is an object of formatting. A paragraph character (or paragraph marker) is a non-printing character that contains all the formatting options for the corresponding paragraph.

When formatting a paragraph, operate the following concepts:

Indent - sets the distance of paragraph text from the page margin. You can set left and right indents for a paragraph in FrontPage
Text alignment- used depending on the purpose:
Left
Right
Centered
Width
Line spacing (Leading) - defines the distance between paragraph lines
Frames and fill - designed for paragraph design

Paragraph Formatters

You can format a paragraph before or after you enter text. If text has already been entered, the paragraphs to be formatted should be highlighted. When formatting one paragraph, it is enough to place the cursor in it before starting formatting.

Comment

Formatters affect the entire paragraph, i.e. if you use these tools to format a line or a few words, FrontPage will still format the entire paragraph.

FrontPage provides the developer with the following paragraph formatting tools:

Team Paragraph(Paragraph) from the menu Format(Format) - opens a dialog box Paragraph, in which you can set the alignment of information in a paragraph, set paragraph indents from the edge of the page, line spacing
Team Paragraph from the context menu - duplicates the action of the command of the same name from the menu Format(Format)
Team Borders and Shading(Borders and Shading) from the Format menu - opens a dialog box Borders and fill, with which you can highlight a paragraph with a frame
Toolbar Formatting- each panel tool is selected by pressing the corresponding button. Unlike dialog boxes, which allow you to set multiple formatting options at once, clicking a button on the formatting bar changes only one option. However, if you need to change a single formatting element, this tool allows you to do this faster than using the same menu command

Paragraph command

The most convenient way to set multiple paragraph formatting options is to use the dialog box. Paragraph(Fig. 12.7). To open this window, select the Paragraph command from the menu Format(Format) or from the context menu opened with the right mouse button.

Using the Paragraph dialog box, you can set the paragraph formatting elements available in FrontPage, described
in table 12.4.

Option	Purpose
Alignment(Alignment)	Aligns paragraph left, right, center, justified Indentation(Indentation)
left(Before text)	Indent to the left of a paragraph
on right(After text)	Indent to the right of a paragraph
First line(Indent first line)	Indent the first line of a paragraph
Interval(Spacing)
before(Before)	Spacing before paragraph
after(After)	Spacing after paragraph
between words(Word)	Spacing between words. When you use this option, you cannot view the result of applied formatting in the FrontPage editor. This setting is not supported by all browsers.
between the lines(Line spacing)	Shows the amount of line spacing

Table 12.4. Options used to format a paragraph using the Paragraph dialog box

Rice. 12.7.

Chapter Sample(Preview) dialog box Paragraph allows you to preview how your text will look as a result of the formatting applied.

Formatting using a dialog box Paragraph carried out as follows:

Place the cursor anywhere in the paragraph to be formatted.
Open dialog box Paragraph.
If the parameter is specified using a list, select the required value. When using fields, enter the required value in the corresponding field or set it using the buttons located on the right side of the input fields.
Click the button OK

Formatting paragraphs using the toolbar

Toolbar Formatting(Formatting) allows you to quickly change a specific paragraph format setting. To do this, just select the required paragraphs and click the required button on the toolbar. However, the toolbar Formatting does not provide as rich a set of tools as a dialog box Paragraph. Using the corresponding buttons on this panel you can:

Change paragraph style using dropdown values Style(the styles offered by FrontPage are convenient to use, for example, to create headings)
Set alignment using buttons Left(Align Left) Centered(Center), Right(Align Right) Width(Justify)
Create fixed indents using buttons Increase indent(Increase Indent) and Decrease indent(Decrease Indent)

Alignment

Text alignment can be done using the dialog box Paragraph, opened by the command Paragraph from the menu Format, and toolbars. To align small fragments, it is more convenient to use alignment using the toolbar, since it is always at hand.

To set the alignment method using a menu command, follow these steps:

Select one or more paragraphs that you intend to align. If you need to align one paragraph, position the cursor within that paragraph.
Open dialog box Paragraph, by choosing a team Paragraph from the menu Format or from the context menu.
Open the list of alignment types Alignment(Alignment).
Select the alignment type that suits you and click OK.

To align a paragraph using the toolbar buttons Formatting Just select it and click the button on the toolbar corresponding to the selected alignment type: Left(Align Left) Right(Align Right) Centered(Center) , Width(Justify) In Fig. Figure 12.8 shows four types of text alignment.

Rice. 12.8

Setting the distance before and after a paragraph

To set the spacing before and after a paragraph, simply insert an additional line by pressing the key or key combination +. Using a key combination produces a smaller interval than pressing a key . In some cases (for example, when preparing a place for inserting physical objects, formulas, etc.) this is more convenient, but not in all (for example, when designing headings). Then you can use dialog box Paragraph, by following these steps:

Select the paragraph to format.
Select from menu Format(Format) command Paragraph(Paragraph).
In the dialog box that appears Paragraph set the required interval values in the fields before(Before) and after(After) areas Interval(Spacing). To do this, enter the required values in the fields or use the buttons located on the right side of the fields. Pressing the buttons changes the values by 1 pt.
Having completed setting the parameters, press the button OK.

Setting line spacing

Defines the distance between lines of text. In the FrontPage editor, line spacing is expressed in lines. To change it, use the drop-down list between the lines (Line spacing) of the dialog box Paragraph. In table 12.5 describes the purpose of the options in this list.

Table 12.5. Options used to change line spacing

Framing and shading

Using the dialog box Borders and Shading(Fig. 12.9) you can place a piece of text in a frame decorated using various styles, or highlight it using a fill. To open this window use the command Borders and Shading(Borders and Shading) from the menu Format(Format) and a similar command from the paragraph context menu.

Dialog window Borders and Shading contains two tabs: Border(Borders) and Fill(Shading). In Fig. 12.9 shows the tab Border, and in the table 12.6 shows the purpose of its options.

Option	Purpose
default(None)	Removes border elements
frame(Box)	Creates a frame in the form of a uniform frame
other(Custom)	Creates an arbitrary frame, i.e. The sides of the frame may have different designs
Style(Style)	Contains eight types of frame lines
Color(Color)	Sets the line color
Width(Width)	Sets the thickness of the border line
Sample(Preview)	Allows you to select different options for frames and shadows, showing the results of the selection of parameters
Fields(Padding)	Sets the distance from the text to the frame using four fields Top (Top), Bottom (Bottom), Left (Left), Right (Right)

Table 12.6. Border Tab Options

Rice. 12.9. Borders and Shading Dialog Box

Using the tab Fill(Shading) dialog box Borders and Shading(Fig. 12.10) you can get quite interesting effects when designing paragraphs on the page. Using Dropdown Lists Background color(Background color) and Text color(Foreground color), you can set the fill color of the paragraph and the color of the text placed in it. The Patterns area options allow you to set the fill as graphic image.

Rice. 12.10. Fill tab

To place a paragraph in a frame, do the following:

Place the cursor inside the paragraph to be formatted.
Select from menu Format(Format) command Borders and Shading(Borders and Shading). A dialog box of the same name will open.
Select an option from the suggested paragraph framing types Frame(Box).
From the list Style(Style) select the frame style. In area Sample(Preview) the line of the specified type will be used for the frame.
Select from the drop down list Color(Color) frame color.
Using Area Options Fields(Padding), set the distance from the text to the frame by entering the desired values in the fields Upper(Thor), Lower(Bottom) Left(Left) Right(Right). As an alternative, you can click the arrow button located on the right side of each field repeatedly until the required distance in points appears in the field.
To select a fill, go to the tab Filling.
Using Dropdown Lists Background color(Background color) and Text color(Foreground color), define the color of the fill and text.
When you have finished setting the parameters, press the button OK to close the dialog box.

Speaker Deck SlideShare

In the fourth lesson of the course, the capabilities of a word processor in the field of formatting paragraphs, setting tab stops, as well as its types will be examined. The final part will cover working with single-level lists, both bulleted and numbered, as well as the basics of working with multi-level lists.

MOS Skills 77-418

Theory:

Formatting Paragraphs

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Paragraph formatting is an integral part of creating professional texts in the MS Word processor. Properly formatted text will allow the reader to focus on the content of the document. MS Word allows you to customize text alignment in a paragraph, indents, and spacing, both line and between paragraphs.

Setting indents

Indentation– this is the empty space between the text and the page borders.

Indentations are what differentiate paragraphs from the main text. In Word, you can adjust the indentation of the first line, the indentation of the rest of the text of the paragraph, both on the right and on the left, and you can also set the so-called “negative indentations” when the paragraph text extends beyond the boundaries of the page. You can configure paragraph parameters using the ruler - one of the Word interface elements, the "Paragraph" groups, the first group is on the "Home" tab, the second on the "Page Layout" tab (despite the same name, they are not identical, the group located on the " Page Layout" only allows you to adjust indents and spacing, but does it more precisely), as well as using the paragraph settings dialog box. The paragraph settings dialog box can be accessed from the Paragraph group or when setting paragraph style settings. Accordingly, all changes made can be saved as a paragraph style.

In the vast majority of cases, paragraph settings are made when setting the style, or then the changes are saved as a style. Of course, you can adjust paragraph settings and then copy them using the Format Painter tool, but this is a clear example of what not to do.

Let's make several different paragraph indent settings using the tools described above.

Setting text alignment

Aligning text in a paragraph involves positioning it between document boundaries. By default, text is left aligned. You can align to the right, center, or stretch across the width. This concerns the horizontal positioning of text.

To quickly position text, you can use the following hotkey combinations: Ctrl + L , Ctrl + E , Ctrl + R , Ctrl + J , left, center, right and stretch to fit the page width accordingly.

There is also vertical alignment, which shows how text will be placed between the bottom and top borders of the document.

By default, text on document pages is top aligned. You can also align to the center of the page, along the bottom edge, or stretch along the height of the page (stretching will occur by increasing the spacing between paragraphs).

Exists two ways to adjust vertical alignment text on page:

“Page Layout” tab “Page Setup” group, open the “Page Setup” dialog box on the “Paper Source” tab, use the “Vertical Alignment” item;
“File” tab/menu, “Print” menu item, “Page Setup” command on the “Paper Source” tab, use the “Vertical Alignment” item.

Horizontal text alignment can be adjusted using the tools in the “Paragraph” group of the “Home” tab, using hotkeys, or in the paragraph style settings.

Filling a paragraph with color and setting borders

In MS Word, it is possible to set an arbitrary color as the background of a paragraph (similar to coloring text), as well as set borders for the paragraph. This is done using the interface elements of the “Paragraph” group, or using the “Borders and Fill” dialog box, which is called up through the “Borders” / “Borders and Fill...” command.

If there is a need to set visible paragraph boundaries or set the background color when setting the style, then in the style settings you will need to select the “Format/Border...” command.

Setting line spacing and paragraph spacing

The ability to fill a paragraph with color and set borders for it is not in demand when composing professional texts, in contrast to setting line spacing, as well as spacing between the paragraphs themselves.

Moreover, as a rule, line spacing is required to be specified in the requirements for materials in articles, theses, diplomas and other standardized reports.

You can quickly set the spacing using the “Spacing” drop-down menu of the “Paragraph” group, the “Home” tab, in this case you will have to use one of the preset line spacing settings, you can also add/remove spacing before or after the paragraph by 12 pt. For more precise settings, you will have to use the “Other line spacing options...” command, which launches the standard “Paragraph” dialog box, which we have already talked about more than once. Thus, this is the fourth way to launch this dialog box.

For single and double line spacing, there is a hotkey combination: Ctrl +1, Ctrl +2, respectively.

You can also adjust the spacing using the “Design” tab, “Document Formatting” group. The “Paragraph Spacing” command contains several preset settings for spacing between paragraphs and between lines, and if a suitable option cannot be found, you can use the last menu item “Custom Paragraph Spacing”. The Manage Styles dialog box opens.

Attention! Using the Design tab (in latest versions Word 2016 updates it is renamed “Layout”) the paragraph style settings change, so, firstly, you don’t need to select anything, the paragraph style on which the cursor is positioned will change, and, secondly, since the spacing changes for the style, the changes will touch the entire document where this style is used.

Tabulation

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Tab is a tool for aligning text in a Word document.

It is customizable for a paragraph, and tab stops are easily specified in the paragraph style settings. The topic of tabulation in MS Word belongs to the category of so-called auxiliary topics: using tabulation you can organize filling of text in columns or aligning numbers for a formula, tabulation is used in lists, etc. Accordingly, it is advisable to close the topic of tabulation early, since we will often resort to it in the future.

In order to indent a tab, you must press the Tab key, and in order to see tabs in the text, you must display non-printing characters in the text. By default, tab stops in Word are set to every half inch and left-sided tab stops (we'll talk about types a little later). Here, by the way, is where the default value for the indentation of the first line of a paragraph is 1.25 cm for the Russian version of Word and 1.27 cm for the English version (if the metric system of measures is used) it corresponds to the first tab. In the English version, the value in centimeters more correctly corresponds to half an inch; recall that 1 inch is 2.54 cm. The author has often encountered users who use tabs to indent the first line. Never do this.

There are five types of tabs in total:

left tab stop– used by default and aligns text to the left relative to the tab stop;
center tab– aligns the text centered relative to the tab stop position;
right tab– aligns text to the right relative to the tab stop;
tab by delimiter– aligns the text to the separator. It is used, as a rule, to align numbers relative to the decimal separator in numbers;
tab with a line– adds a vertical line where the tab delimiter is set.

To quickly set a tab stop, simply click the mouse on the ruler; double-clicking on a tab stop will bring up the “Tab” dialog box and allow you to make more fine tuning tab stops (fine-tune tab stops, change the type, or set a placeholder). Here you can change the “default” value for tab stops.

The tab dialog box is called through the “Paragraph” dialog box, and we have already covered enough how to call the “Paragraph” window. This, when setting the style both from the “Home” tab and from the “Page Layout” tab, you can even call context menu directly in the text and select “Paragraph”.

After setting tab stops on the ruler, they can be moved by simply moving the mouse, or deleted by simply pulling the tab stop down or up, or through the “Tab” dialog box.

That's all for tabulation. In the future we will return to this topic, and we will begin this practice with the next question.

Working with single-level lists

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Often, for clarity, ordering, or other reasons, information must be presented in the form of a specific list, in other words, a list.

In MS Word, lists can be single-level or multi-level, as well as bulleted and numbered. Single-level lists with imitation of several levels can be distinguished as a separate subtype.

Bulleted list

If the information presented in the form of a list does not require ordering, it is usually presented in the form of an unnumbered list. A marker for this type of list can be represented by any symbol or picture; often a dash or a dot is chosen as a marker in professional texts, but there are no strict requirements here.

To insert a single-level bulleted list, use the corresponding command in the “Paragraph” group of the “Home” tab. The drop-down menu itself is divided into three areas: recently used markers, marker library, and markers in the document. The purpose of the first and last zones is clear based on the name, and as for the marker library, markers with which you plan to work in the future are added here. By default, a marker is automatically added to the library and inserted into the list in the document; if you need to add a marker to the library yourself, this is done by right-clicking the mouse.

In the drop-down menu you can select the type of marker and also change the list level. Yes, yes, you can make several levels in a single-level list, but it will not be a full-fledged multi-level list, but rather a single-level list with several levels, something like that. By the way, you can change the list level using the Tab key.

The difference between a full-fledged multi-level list and a single-level list with several levels is that for each level in a multi-level list you can configure not only complex numbering, which will depend on the previous levels, but also choose a different font or even create a full-fledged style for a specific level. This is such a powerful document management tool that we will devote a separate lesson to it ().

If there are not enough markers that are initially presented in the drop-down list, you can use the “Define a new marker” command by calling the “Define a new marker” dialog box; you can select a symbol or a picture as the marker itself; here you can also select the alignment of the marker relative to the “First indent” slider. lines." At first glance, there is no difference between the settings, but nevertheless, it is there, although it is minimal. To make sure of this, it is advisable to select a larger marker, for example, a photograph, and zoom in on the document.

You can quickly convert a bulleted list into a numbered one; to do this, you just need to select the elements of the list and click on the command to create a numbered list in the “Paragraph” group of the “Home” tab. Naturally, such a transformation can be done in reverse order.

Indentations and line spacing for single-level lists

Indentations, both the first line and the text of a single-level list, are adjusted using the ruler sliders or the “Paragraph” dialog box in the same way as setting the indentation of paragraphs in the text, with the only difference being that the indentation of the first line will be the indentation for the bullet or number if it is a numbered list. Left- and right-side indentations for a list act similarly to paragraph ones; negative indentations are also valid, when the indentation on the right or left may extend beyond the boundaries of the document, indicated in gray.

As for the settings line spacing for a list, it is no different from that for an ordinary paragraph and can be done either using the commands of the “Paragraph” group or using the “Paragraph” dialog box.

It is worth paying special attention to the global customization of single-level lists using styles. The fact is that for single-level lists in MS Word the “List Paragraph” style is reserved; accordingly, all changes in this style will affect ALL lists created using the “Create a Bulleted List” and “Create a Numbered List” tools. Moreover, these changes are not limited to adjusting indents or intervals, but allow you to change the entire range of parameters available using the “Styles” tool.

Numbered list

A single-level numbered list differs from a single-level bulleted list only in that in the order of adding elements, the numbering of their values increases, which is logical. Plus, it becomes possible to set the initial value for the number, which, for obvious reasons, was not in the bulleted list. The Set Initial Value dialog box can be accessed from the Numbering drop-down menu or from the Define New Number Format dialog box. Otherwise, it's the same bulleted list, with a subtle alignment of the number relative to the first line indent slider, quick opportunity become a bulleted list, or a single-level list with several levels.

Working with Multi-Level Lists (Basics)

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In professional scientific texts Using more than three levels in a multi-level list is not recommended. As a rule, the overwhelming majority of lists are generally single-level, and multi-level lists rarely have more than two levels. Despite this, the author strongly recommends using tool for creating multi-level lists in MS Word even when building single-level lists. The possibilities for creating single-level lists, which we discussed in the previous question, should not be used when constructing professional texts under any pretext. An exception could be a hastily compiled shopping list at a grocery store or a similar list, where there are not the slightest requirements for the quality of the text itself.

According to the author, the commands for creating single-level bulleted and numbered lists in Word are left only for the benefit of inexperienced users who try to format text through trial and error, clicking on commands that even remotely resemble the desired result. Despite the apparent similarity in the tools for creating lists in MS Word, there is simply an abyss of differences between single-level and multi-level lists. We will look at some of the functionality of working with a multi-level list in this issue, and part in a specially designated lesson.

Multi-Level List Basics

To work with multi-level lists, the drop-down menu command is located next to the commands for creating single-level lists in the “Paragraph” group of the “Home” tab. Even the dropdown menus themselves are very similar.

The first visual difference is visible after opening the dialog box "Defining a new multi-level list". There are already familiar commands here: number format, font, and number alignment relative to the first line indent slider.

As for the new settings, their functionality is more interesting.

Firstly, thanks to the “Include level number” command it becomes possible to create complex numbering of a multi-level list: 2.3, 1.5.6, 2.a.5, etc.

Secondly, in addition to the useless possibility of aligning the number itself relative to the first line indent slider, appeared extremely useful functions for indenting the position of the number and the text itself in the list from the left border of the document. Such indents can be configured individually for each list level, or you can set parameters for all levels at once. In the latter case, the parameters for the first level are individually configured and an additional indent is set for each subsequent level.

AND, Thirdly, what we will now pay attention to, there is an opportunity to choose what it will be indentation of text from the number itself: without a character (the number is closely adjacent to the text), space or tab (with adjustable tab position). Due to my experience, this parameter is the author recommends setting the position to “space”, because when there is no indentation at all, the list looks ugly, and when there is a tab sign as an indentation, the indentations will be uneven for numbers with different numbers of characters, for example, in a long list, the distance between “1” and “11” will be different. If for the first level the problem seems far-fetched, then for a composite list, say, the third level, it is quite real. On the other hand, if you correctly provide the number of numbers in advance, you can beautifully align the text in your multi-level list.

It seems that we have covered the exhaustive capabilities of MS Word in the area of creating multi-level lists, however, we have practically not considered the commands on the right side of the “Define a new multi-level list” dialog box. In fact, that part of the material that we have considered here is only The tip of the iceberg of multi-level list functionality. We will dive into the abyss of the possibilities of a multi-level list in just a few lessons. First, we need to understand in detail the hierarchy of the style structure, and also learn how to work with structured documents.

Basic paragraph formatting options are set using the dialog box Paragraph from the menu Format .

Another way is to use the command Paragraph local menu (it is called by right-clicking the mouse). If the format of only one paragraph is changed, then there is no need to select it entirely; it is enough to place the input cursor in it or select only a fragment of the paragraph. If the format of several paragraphs is changed, then there is also no need to select them completely: it is enough that the selected fragment partially covers the paragraphs being changed.

Dialog window Paragraph contains two pages: Indents and spacing And Position on page .

Let's look at the options set on the first page.

Option group Indentation allows you to control the position of paragraph text relative to page margins.

In the fields Left And On right the distance is set respectively from the left and right margins of the page. In order for the text to take up part of the page margin, negative values can be used.

Option First line controls paragraph indentation. Its possible values are:

· (No) - there are no indents;

· Indentation - indentation is used for the first line of the paragraph. The distance is indicated in the field on the:, located to the right of the field First line;

· Ledge - indentation is used for all lines of the paragraph except the first. The distance is indicated in the field on the: .

In the fields Before And After the distances are set respectively before the first line of the paragraph and after the last line of the paragraph. Only positive values are allowed here. Applying such spacing is useful not only for the paragraph itself.

Option Interline controls the line spacing within a paragraph. You can select one of the following values (hotkeys are shown in parentheses):

· Single - a space equal to the height of the largest font size used in a line, plus some additional space, the amount of which also depends on the font used (Ctrl-1);

· One and a half - a distance 1.5 times greater than what would be with the option value Single(Ctrl-5);

· Double - a distance twice as large as that which would have been with the option value Single(Ctrl-2);

· Minimum - interval chosen for very large fonts;

· Exactly - distance exactly equal to that indicated in the field Meaning ;

· Factor - the distance is formed by multiplying a single interval by the multiplier specified in the field Meaning .

Field Alignment serves to select the paragraph alignment method. You can use one of the following values:

· By left edge - the paragraph is aligned to the left (Ctrl-L);

· By center - paragraph is centered (Ctrl-E);

· By right edge - the paragraph is aligned to the right (Ctrl-R);

· By width - the paragraph is aligned to the left and right edges at the same time (Ctrt-J).

To set text spacing and alignment type, it is convenient to use the toolbar (see Table 3.5).

Field Level serves to assign a hierarchical level ("Level 1" - "Level 9") to paragraphs in the document. For example, after assigning hierarchical levels to paragraphs, you can work with a document in document outline or document outline mode.

To control dangling lines, control line numbering and page breaks, use the second page of the dialog box Paragraph .

In order for Word to automatically track the appearance of dangling lines torn from a paragraph at the beginning or end of the page, you should enable the option Ban dangling strings .

If you want the entire paragraph to be on one page, enable the option Don't break the paragraph . If you want the paragraph to be on the same page as the next one, then enable the option Stay focused on the next one . To automatically insert a page break before a paragraph, use the option WITH new page .

Disable option Disable line numbering excludes paragraph lines from a sequence of numbered lines.

Finally, by enabling the option Prevent automatic word hyphenation , You cancel automatic word wrapping of text in a paragraph.

Button Tabulation at the bottom of the window allows you to place tab stops in a paragraph.

After setting the required values, close the dialog box Paragraph by pressing the button OK . The paragraphs you select will be formatted with the specified options.

Question

Table 1 Paragraph format attributes

Paragraph format attribute	Description
Indents and spacing
Indentation	Horizontal arrangement of paragraph text relative to document margins
Spacing Before	Extra vertical space inserted before a paragraph
Spacing After	Extra vertical spacing inserted after a paragraph
Line Spacing	The vertical spacing between lines of text in a paragraph - such as single or double spacing, or its exact value
Alignment	Paragraph text alignment: left (text is aligned to the left indent), right (text is aligned to the right indent), centered (centered between the first line's left indent and the right indent), justified (both indents)
Position on page
Prohibiting dangling strings (Widow/Orphan Control)	Prevents a single last line of a paragraph from being printed at the beginning of a new page, or the first line of a paragraph being printed at the end of a page
Keep Lines Together	All lines of a paragraph must appear on one page - in other words, Word does not create page breaks in a paragraph
Keep With Next	Prevents Word from inserting a page break between this paragraph and the next one
From a new line (Page Break Before)	The paragraph appears on a new page
Suppress Line Numbers	If document lines are numbered, the paragraph is excluded from numbering
Disable automatic word hyphenation (Don`t Hyphenate)	Paragraph is not automatically hyphenated

Left paragraph indent is the distance by which the left border of the paragraph text is distant from the left margin of the page (positive indentation) or by which it extends into the left margin (negative indentation). Likewise, right paragraph indentation is the distance by which the right border of the paragraph text is from the right margin of the page

Fig.6 Indents tab and intervals in the dialog box Paragraph.

(positive indentation) or by which it extends into the right margin (negative indentation). Fields call the distance between the area in which text can be located and the edges of the paper; The margin size is set when setting page parameters. The easiest way to become familiar with the various indentation options is to change their values and monitor the changes in the sample text.

Paragraph formatting

A paragraph in Word is understood as a fragment of text that ends with a ¶ sign (if you enable the display mode of non-printing characters, which corresponds to the same icon on the “Standard” toolbar). It appears every time the "" key is pressed. Enter» . When formatting a paragraph, change:

§ Alignment. The appearance of a paragraph is determined by how it is positioned in relation to the page: left, right, center, justified.

§ Paragraph indentation. The distance between a paragraph and the left (right) margin of the page. The indentation value can be negative, then we speak of a protrusion.

§ First line indent . It can be positive, zero and negative. Positive indentation is a “red line”.

§ Line spacing . The distance between lines of text in a paragraph.

§ Spacing before (after) paragraph . This is the vertical distance between the first line of a given paragraph and the last line of the previous paragraph (or, respectively, between the last line of a given paragraph and the first line of the next paragraph).

Paragraph formatting is done in one of the following ways:

1. Using the "Format" toolbar;

2. Using the program menu “Format”;

3. Using the context menu;

4. Using keyboard shortcuts.

Using the Format toolbar

It is enabled by default. Its central part is shown here, which is directly responsible for editing a paragraph (not a font). The purpose of the tools is clear from the tooltip after briefly holding the mouse on the tool. On the toolbar you can find tools for changing paragraph alignment, changing line spacing, indents, setting the outer border of a paragraph, and highlighting it with color.

By clicking inside a paragraph, we can determine which formatting tools were used: they will be highlighted. In the figure (see above) you can see that the selected paragraph is set to align the text to the width of the page.

By clicking the mouse on the tool buttons, we will change the corresponding parameter for the entire paragraph at once. But if we want to do the same for only part of a paragraph, then the corresponding fragment of text is first selected and then edited.

Format program menu

The greatest possibilities for formatting a paragraph are contained in the “Format” dialog. The operating procedure is as follows:

§ Select the Format menu à » Paragraph..."

§ Select a tab "Indents and Spacing".

§ Set the desired type of alignment, indentation, position of the first line, space before (after) this paragraph, line spacing.

§ Click the “OK” button to apply the settings.

Note

§ The position of the paragraph after changing the parameter is shown in the "Sample" window (that is, we can immediately see what would happen to the paragraph if we clicked on "OK" right now; so there is no need to rush to click on "OK" and look at this is a window; if suddenly we don’t like something there, we can immediately correct the shortcomings by changing certain parameters).

§ You can also set the tab stop value in this dialog by clicking on the “Tab stop…” button.

Keyboard shortcuts for paragraph formatting

Here are examples of keyboard shortcuts used in formatting. Ctrl+ QorCtrl+ L– the entire paragraph (within which the cursor is located at that moment) is aligned to the left, Ctrl+ E- in the center,Ctrl+ R– on the right edge.