Presentation of vector graphic file formats. Presentation on the topic of graphic file formats. Formats the file text using
- RASTER
- VECTOR
- Computer images
- Raster graphics are work with realistic (photo) images.
- A raster image is stored using dots of different colors (pixels) that form rows and columns.
- A pixel is the smallest area of an image whose color can be set independently.
- The quality of a raster image depends on the size of the image (the number of horizontal and vertical pixels) and the number of colors that can be specified for each pixel.
- 16x16=256 pixels
- 1 bit is required to store each pixel
- Figure size = 256 bits
- 256 bits = 32 bytes
- Raster images are very sensitive to scaling (enlargement or reduction).
- Vector graphics are work with drawings.
- Vector graphics
- Vector images are formed from objects called graphic primitives.
- For each primitive, coordinates are specified, as well as a color.
- Vector graphics are the optimal means of storing high-precision graphic objects (drawings, diagrams, etc.), for which it is important to maintain clear and clear contours.
- Vector graphics can be enlarged or reduced without loss of quality
- In vector graphics - objects. Object = outline and interior area.
- In raster graphics, a matrix (raster) of colored dots (pixels)
- An image is a collection of objects
- Image - a collection of points
- Graphic editor – a program for creating, editing and viewing graphic images.
- Raster
- Paint
- Adobe Photoshop
- Vector
- CorelDRAW
- Macromedia Flash MX
- GR built into Word
- Graphic file formats determine how information is stored in the file (raster or vector), as well as the form of information storage (compression algorithm used).
- Bit MaP image (BMP) is a universal raster graphics file format used in the Windows operating system.
- Number of colors in the image 16.77 million colors
- A BMP file is quickly loaded from disk into RAM.
- But the IMAGE takes a long time to be transmitted over the Internet, since the file is prohibitively large.
- BMP format is good for local use, but not suitable for Web
- Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) is a raster graphics file format. Includes a lossless compression algorithm.
- Recommended for storing images with a limited number of colors. Used to place graphic images on Web pages on the Internet.
- Maximum number of image colors: 256.
- (Colors are selected: each image has its own palette)
- Information compression is used without loss of quality
- Images are imported
- in Word and PowerPoint
- Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) is a raster graphics file format supported by all major graphics editors. Includes a lossless compression algorithm.
- Reserves 3 bytes for all pixel colors, just like BMP.
- Allows compression of information without loss of quality. Therefore (when using compression) it is more economical than the BMP format.
- Used for working with large images.
- Widely used in printing, but NOT on the Web
- Images import into Word and PowerPoint
- Portable Network Graphic (PNG) is a raster graphics file format similar to the GIF format. Recommended for placement
- graphic images on Web pages on the Internet.
- Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) is a raster graphics file format that implements an efficient compression algorithm (JPEG method) for scanned photographs and illustrations.
- The algorithm discards “redundant” information that is not visible to the eye, and therefore provides information compression with loss of quality
- Provides savings of approximately 5 – 60 times.
- Images are SUITABLE for posting on websites
- Images import into Word and PowerPoint
- Windows MetaFile (WMF) is a universal vector graphics file format for Windows applications. Used to store a collection of Microsoft Clip Gallery graphics.
- Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) is a vector graphics file format. Recommended for printing and creating illustrations in desktop publishing systems.
- CorelDRaw files (CDR) - the original vector graphics file format used in the processing system vector graphics CorelDraw.
- Using a color palette and tools to create and edit graphic images;
- Enlarging image fragments to process fine image details;
- Adding text to pictures;
- Convert fragments;
- Storing drawings on external media in the form of graphic files.
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Graphic files. Graphic file formats. Creation of graphic files. Converters
Objectives: to gain an understanding of the types of graphic images, formats, programs for creating and editing images; give the basic concepts necessary for working on a computer with graphic files; to cultivate information culture, logical thinking, perseverance, the ability to draw conclusions; to develop cognitive interests, self-control, and the ability to take notes.
Objectives: Distinguish between graphic file formats; Determine the need to use a particular graphic format; Be able to save files in various formats
Review questions: What is a file? What is a file extension (format) Where is the file created? (Operating system or application program?) What is the purpose of an operating system? What is the application program used for? What types of application programs do you know? What is the folder for? What is the shortcut for?
Computer graphics Computer graphics is a branch of computer science that studies the means and methods of creating and processing graphic images using computer technology.
Raster graphics A raster (mesh, lattice) forms a set of points (pixels), each of which has its own color. Main element raster graphics-pixel (dot)
Vector graphics Everything in vector illustrations consists of lines. A line is an elementary vector graphics object.
Three-dimensional graphics Three-dimensional 3 D (D imensions - measurement) image is a three-dimensional model of an object that closely matches reality. Such three-dimensional images can be rotated and viewed from all sides.
Fractal graphics A fractal is a drawing that consists of elements that are similar to each other. The construction of a fractal pattern is carried out according to some algorithm automatically using formulas.
Raster files The image on the media is stored in the form of dots (pixels). Each point has its own color, brightness and coordinates. Storing each pixel requires a certain number of bits of information. The more shades, the more bits required to store it. The image is high quality, but the file size is large.
Raster file extensions: BMP (Windows Device Independent Bitmap) Gif (Graphic Interchange Format) TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) IMG (Digital Research GEM Bitmap) JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
Vector files The image on the media is stored in the form of graphic primitives (lines, ovals, broken lines), which are described by mathematical formulas. When it is displayed, the program calculates the coordinates of the points and generates lines.
Vector file extensions: WMF (Windows Metafile) EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) DXF (Drawing Interchange Format)
Possibilities of vector graphic editors Drawing free-form lines by hand (using a mouse) Using graphic primitives Adding text to a drawing Rotating images Enlarging image fragments
Possibilities of raster graphic editors Graphic effects (volume, flow, cropping) Arranging, intersecting, combining objects Different ways working with curves Rich possibilities for working with text
Changing the file format To change the file format, use special programs converters. For example:
Questions for consolidation: What is computer graphics? What types of computer graphics are there? How is an image formed in vector and raster graphics? Advantages and disadvantages of raster graphics? Advantages and disadvantages of vector graphics? In what cases are vector graphics used and in what cases are raster graphics used?
Homework: Write down the main vector and raster graphic editors. Convert one file format to another. Write your conclusions in your notebook. Learn notes
Thank you for your attention!
These two files (on the left and on the right (just a white background)) are BMP - pictures that have the same information volume!!! (the size of the file does not depend on the degree to which the picture is filled with objects, since each pixel is encoded in both pictures). BMP format BMP - (Windows Bitmap) was developed by Microsoft as compatible with all Windows applications. This is a “pure” raster format, where every pixel is encoded, therefore, of all raster formats, it is the “heaviest” (i.e., having the largest information volume). Advantages: high quality images Disadvantages: very large file size, which makes it very difficult or impossible to store and transfer, especially to the Internet Raster graphics formats
JPEG format JPEG - (Joint Photographic Experts Group) – a raster file compressed in a special way (with loss of quality). JPEG looks for smooth color transitions by processing 8-pixel square blocks. Instead of actual values, JPEG stores the rate of change from pixel to pixel. He discards color information that, from his point of view, is poorly perceived by the human eye, averaging some values. The higher the compression level, the more data is discarded and the lower the quality. The format is hardware independent. Only the final version of the work should be saved in JPEG, because each resaving leads to more data loss (discarding) and turning the original image into mush. Advantages: high quality images with small file sizes (compressing images tens and hundreds of times). The most common format, used for storing photographs and posting full-color images on the Internet. Disadvantages: does not support image transparency, image blur occurs with a high degree of compression. Raster graphics formats
GIF format GIF - (Graphics Interchange Format) - created specifically for transferring images to the Internet by CompuServe. GIF can store images in indexed color mode (up to 256), i.e. By moving to the GIF format, we reduce the number of colors and file size (in cases where simple picture does not require millions of colors). File compression is performed by replacing a sequence of identical characters with one multiplied by the number of repetitions (LZW algorithm). In addition, a GIF file can contain not one, but several raster images, which Internet browsers can load one after another with the frequency specified in the file. This is called GIF animation. Advantages: small file size, support for transparency and animation of drawings, the most popular format on the Internet (design of Web pages, banners). Disadvantages: the main limitation of using GIF is the small number of reproducible colors (up to 256). This is clearly not enough for printing. Raster graphics formats
Example of GIF animation: The picture contains 3 layers (frames), in each of which one of the colors is “lit”. GIF “can” show frames (layers) one by one, creating the effect of a traffic light switching. GIF allows you to save files using interlaced scanning. When using this method, the browser first shows every 8th line, then every 4th, every 2nd, and finally the full image is loaded. At the same time, a visitor to your page will be able to understand what is drawn in this picture without waiting for it to fully load, which is very convenient. An example of interlaced loading of a picture on the Web page Raster Graphics Formats
PSD format The PSD format is a standard format of the Adobe Photoshop package and differs from most conventional raster formats in its ability to store layers. The format supports alpha channels, layers, outlines, transparency, vector labels, etc. Perfect for transferring or storing images containing specific elements unique to Adobe Photoshop. The main disadvantage is that it is hardware dependent. Raster graphics formats
PNG format This format, created specifically for use on the Internet to replace GIF, compresses graphic information without loss of quality. Unlike GIF, it compresses raster images not only horizontally, but also vertically, which provides a higher compression ratio. The color depth can be any, up to 48 bits (RGB, for comparison, is 24), and smoothly transitioning transparency is supported. The PNG file records gamma correction information. Gamma is a certain number that characterizes the dependence of the brightness of your monitor screen on the voltage on the electrodes of the kinescope. This number, read from the file, allows you to enter a brightness correction when displaying. It is needed so that a picture created on a Mac looks the same on a PC and on Silicon Graphics. Thus, this feature helps implement the main idea of WWW - the same display of information regardless of the user’s equipment. PNG files can be made by all major graphics editors.
Raster graphics formats TGA format TGA (Targa) is the name of the graphics adapter from Truevision, which was the first to use the TGA format. The format can store images with a color depth of up to 32 bits. Along with the standard three RGB channels, the TGA file has an additional alpha channel to represent information about the transparency of the image. Information may be compressed. The main advantage is that the format is used software products many well-known companies in the world of computer graphics.
TIFF format TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) – hardware independent TIFF format Today it is one of the most widespread and reliable, it is supported by almost all programs on PC and Macintosh in one way or another related to graphics. TIFF is best choice when importing raster graphics into vector programs and publishing systems. It has a full range of color models available from monochrome to RGB, CMYK and additional Pantone colors. TIFF can save Photoshop vectors, Alpha channels for creating masks in Adobe Premiere video clips, and a lot of other additional data. The biggest problems are usually caused by LZW compression, sometimes used in TIFF. A number of programs (for example, QuarkXPress 3. x and Adobe Streamline) cannot read such files; in addition, they may take longer to output to printers and typesetting machines. Only if the file is compressed 3-4 times, there is a gain in output time.
Let's summarize... the BMP format is very high-quality graphics, but a large file size; JPEG format – the most suitable for storing high-quality images and photographs, an acceptable ratio of quality and file size; JPEG format is commonly used for drawings High Quality containing thousands and millions of colors (up to 16.7 million shades); The convenience of using JPEG images is that by changing the quality of the image, you can control the degree of file compression; the browser is able to load JPEG images only linearly, from the top line to the bottom; The GIF format is best suited for images that contain a small number of different colors; Let's sum it up...
The interleaved GIF image first loads at a low resolution and then gradually improves in quality as the entire image appears. This way, the user can see the gist of the image before the entire image appears; One of the colors of GIF images can be made transparent so that the background color of the current browser window can be seen; The TIFF file format is used as a universal format for exchanging digital images; PNG (Portable Network Graphics) format is an alternative to the GIF format, but allows you to save millions of colors in an image; Let's sum it up...
Graphics optimization The meaning of graphics optimization is to reduce the information volume of a graphic file, especially for posting it on the Internet. Let us remember that the file size depends on the image size in pixels and color depth: Therefore, you can reduce the image volume (optimize) in the following ways: reducing the image size in pixels (A × B); reducing color depth I (using fewer colors); file compression (compression) using special methods, discarding part of the color information, using GIF formats. Graphics Optimization FILE SIZE (V) = A ×B ×I
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Graphic file formats
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Raster graphic formats BMP (Windows Device Independent Bitmap) PCX (Soft Publisher's Paintbrush) GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) PNG (Portable Network Graphics) JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) TIFF (Tag Image File Format) PSD (Adobe Photoshop) Vector AI graphic formats ( Adobe Illustrator Document) CDR (Corel DRAW Document) WMF (Windows Metafile) PDF (Portable Document Format) Conclusion
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Raster graphic formats
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BMP (Windows Device Independent Bitmap)
The simplest raster format, BMP, also known as DIB, is a native Windows format and is supported by all graphics editors running it. BMP supports both indexed colors (up to 256 colors) and full color images. Without compression, the file size is close to the maximum possible. Thanks to the most primitive image recording algorithm, very little system resources are consumed when processing BMP format files, so this format is very often used to store logos, screen savers, icons and other elements of graphic design of programs.
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PCX (Soft Publisher's Paintbrush)
The PCX format, developed at the dawn of the computer era by Z-Soft specifically for its graphic editor PC PaintBrush for the operating system, has approximately the same capabilities as BMP. MS-DOS system, only support is missing operating system OS/2. But images in PCX format can be viewed by most DOS programs, including the internal Norton Commander viewer. Color capabilities: 1, 2, 4, 8 or 24-bit color, only RGB color scheme is supported, and there is no ability to save a monochrome image in grayscale. ROB compression is always applied. Like VMR, this format is largely outdated and is supported by modern graphic programs solely for compatibility with antique software.
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GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
The most popular format on the Internet is the rather old GIF format. Its distinctive feature is the use of the indexed color mode (no more than 256), which limits the scope of the format to images with sharp color transitions. The GIF format is a favorite format of webmasters, who use it to save numerous design elements of their pages. The small size of image files is due to the use of the LZW lossless compression algorithm, making images in this format most convenient for sending over the still narrow communication channels of the global network.
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PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
This format, which compresses graphic information without loss of quality using the Deflate algorithm, unlike GIF or TIFF, compresses raster images not only horizontally, but also vertically, which provides a higher compression ratio and supports color photographic images up to and including 48-bit . Distinctive feature In this format, we can note two-dimensional interlaced scanning (i.e., the image appears gradually not only in rows, but also in columns) and built-in gamma correction, which allows you to save images, the brightness of which will be unchanged not only on any PC machines, but also on such alternative platforms such as Mac, Sun or Silicon Graphics. Since the format was created for the Internet, there is no space in its header for additional parameters. But it is good for publishing high-quality raster graphics on the Internet.
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JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
The most popular format for storing photographic JPEG images(or JPG) is a generally accepted standard on the Internet. JPEG can only store 24-bit full color images. The format of the same name, a rather complex compression algorithm, is based on the peculiarities of human vision. Although JPEG compresses photos well, this compression is lossy and spoils the quality. The JPEG format does not support animation or transparent color, and in the vast majority of cases is only suitable for publishing full-color images, such as photographic ones, on the Internet.
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TIFF (Tag Image File Format)
The TIFF format was developed by Aldus for its PhotoStyler graphics editor. As a universal format for storing raster images, TIFF is widely used, primarily in publishing systems that require images best quality. With LZW compression, a TIFF file takes up almost the same space as a GIF, only, unlike the latter, TIFF supports full-color images and stores them in its body detailed information about the image. This format supports purely professional features such as clipping paths, alpha channels, the ability to save multiple copies of an image at different resolutions, and even include layers in the file.
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PSD (Adobe Photoshop)
The PSD format is a standard format in Adobe Photoshop and differs from most conventional raster formats in its ability to store layers. It contains many additional variables and compresses images using the RLE Packbits lossless compression algorithm. The format supports color depths up to 16 bits per channel (48-bit color and 16-bit black and white), as well as alpha channels, layers, outlines, transparency, vector lettering, etc. Perfect for transfer or storage images containing specific elements unique to Adobe Photoshop. PSD files are easily read by most popular viewers, but do not forget that by opening these files in some third-party graphic editors, even those that declare support for the PSD format, you can lose a significant part of their specific capabilities (especially in terms of working with layers).
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Vector graphic formats
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CDR (Corel DRAW Document)
The CDR format, the main working format of the popular CorelDRAW package, which is the undisputed leader in the class of vector graphics editors on the PC platform, is quite controversial. Having relatively low stability and problems with compatibility of files of different versions of the format, nevertheless, the CDR format, especially the latest, 7th and 8th versions, can be called professional without a stretch. The files of these versions use separate compression for vector and raster images, fonts can be embedded, CDR files have a huge working area of 45x45 meters, and multi-page is supported.
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WMF (Windows Metafile)
Another native Windows format, this time vector. Understood by almost everyone Windows programs, one way or another related to vector graphics. However, despite its apparent simplicity and versatility, the WMF format should be used only in extreme cases, since it cannot save some parameters that can be assigned to objects in various vector editors, is not perceived by Macintoshes, and, most importantly, can distort the color image diagram.
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PDF (Portable Document Format)
PDF was originally designed as a compact electronic documentation format, but has recently been increasingly used to transmit graphic images and mixed documents containing both text and graphics over networks. The PDF format is a completely platform-independent format, in the text part of which it is possible to use a variety of fonts and hypertext links, as well as graphic illustrations of any type (vector or raster). To achieve the minimum size of a PDF file, compression is used, and each type of object is compressed using the algorithm that is most beneficial for it. View documents in PDF format and you can print them on a printer using the utility Acrobat Reader, distributed free of charge by Adobe.
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