List of Russian operating systems for computers. Free Operating Systems. Analogues of Microsoft Windows. What are the requirements for the new OS?

Below you will find free programs distributed under licenses

Free modern Linux, correctly Russified, contains all the programs that are written for Linux/Unix and which are not found in other versions of Linux. Also based on openSuse, the most modern server version of SLES Linux is released.

ReactOS

ReactOS is truly a free version of Windows. This operating system is being developed to be able to run Windows applications on it. In other words, if you install ReactOS, you will be able to use the applications you know. It is worth noting that ReactOS is far from complete and not all functionality is supported. The interface of this free OS resembles Windows 98.

The need to accelerate the development of the domestic software market, ensure maximum independence from foreign developments in the field of high technology and preserve information sovereignty was first discussed at the highest level in 2014, when US and EU sanctions sharply increased the risks associated with the use of foreign software in business and government organizations . It was then that the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation became seriously concerned about solving this strategically significant, in the opinion of officials, issue, along with stimulating demand for national products and developing appropriate measures to support domestic developers. As a result, restrictions on the admission of foreign software in state and municipal procurement, as well as rules for the formation and maintenance of a unified register of Russian programs, were approved at the legislative level in the shortest possible time. All this has had a positive impact on the software market in Russia, which has recently been replenished with many interesting projects and developments. Including in the field of operating systems.

"Alt Linux SPT" is a unified Linux-based distribution for servers, workstations and thin clients with built-in software information protection, which can be used to build automated systems up to class 1B inclusive and personal data information systems (PDIS) up to class 1K inclusive. The OS allows you to simultaneously store and process confidential data on one personal computer or server, provide multi-user work with restricted access to information, work with virtual machines, and also use centralized authorization tools. The certificate issued by FSTEC of Russia confirms the product’s compliance with the requirements of the following governing documents: “Computer equipment. Protection against unauthorized access to information. Indicators of security against unauthorized access to information" - according to security class 4; "Protection against unauthorized access to information. Part 1. Information security software. Classification according to the level of absence of undeclared capabilities” - according to the 3rd level of control and technical conditions. Technical support for Alt Linux SPT users is provided by the Free Software and Technologies company through its partner developer Basalt SPO.

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Developer: Basalt SPO company

The Viola platform is a set of enterprise-level Linux distributions that allow you to deploy corporate IT infrastructure of any scale. The platform includes three distributions. This is a universal “Viola Workstation”, which includes an operating system and a set of applications for full-fledged work. The second is the server distribution "Alt Server", which can act as a domain controller Active Directory and contains the most complete set of services and environments for creating a corporate infrastructure (DBMS, mail and web server, authentication tools, work group, virtual machine management and monitoring and other tools). The third is “Alt Education 8”, focused on everyday use in planning, organizing and conducting the educational process in institutions of general, secondary and higher education. In addition, the Basalt SPO product series includes the above-mentioned certified Alt Linux SPT distribution kit and the Simply Linux operating system for home users.

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Developer: National Center for Informatization (part of the Rostec state corporation)

Russian project to create an ecosystem software products based on the Linux distribution, designed for complex automation of workplaces and IT infrastructure of organizations and enterprises, including in data centers, on servers and client workstations. The platform is presented in the “OS.Office” and “OS.Server” versions. They differ in the sets of application software included in the distribution kit. The office edition of the product contains the operating system itself, information security tools, a package of programs for working with documents, an email client and a browser. The server version includes an operating system, information security tools, monitoring and system management tools, a server Email and DBMS. Potential users of the platform include federal and regional authorities, local governments, companies with state participation and state corporations. It is expected that the OSi-based ecosystem will in the near future become a full-fledged alternative to Western analogues.

Development of the research and production association "RusBITech", presented in two versions: Astra Linux Common Edition (general purpose) and Astra Linux Special Edition (special purpose). Peculiarities latest version OS: advanced software information security processed data, a mechanism for mandatory access control and control of the closedness of the software environment, built-in tools for marking documents, recording events, monitoring data integrity, as well as other components that ensure information protection. According to the developers, Astra Linux Special Edition is the only software platform certified simultaneously in the information security certification systems of the FSTEC of Russia, the FSB, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and allows processing in automated means of all ministries, departments and other institutions Russian Federation information limited access, containing information constituting a state secret and classified no higher than “top secret”.

⇡ ROSALinux

Developer: LLC "NTC IT ROSA"

The ROSA Linux operating system family includes an impressive set of solutions designed for home use (ROSA Fresh version) and use in a corporate environment (ROSA Enterprise Desktop), deployment of infrastructure IT services of an organization (ROSA Enterprise Linux Server), processing of confidential information and personal data ( ROSA "Cobalt"), as well as information constituting a state secret (ROSA "Chrome" and "Nickel"). The listed products are based on the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Mandriva and CentOS with the inclusion of a large number of additional components - including original ones created by programmers of the scientific and technical center information technologies"DEW". In particular, OS distributions for the corporate segment of the market include virtualization tools, software for organizing Reserve copy, tools for building private clouds, as well as centralized management of network resources and data storage systems.

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Developer: Calculate company

Calculate Linux is available in Desktop editions, Directory Server, Scratch, Scratch Server and is designed with home users and SMBs in mind who prefer to use open source software instead of proprietary solutions. Platform features: full-fledged operation in heterogeneous networks, a mechanism for roaming user profiles, tools for centralized software deployment, ease of administration, the ability to install on portable USB drives and support for binary repositories of Gentoo updates. It is important that the development team is accessible and open to any comments, suggestions and wishes of the user audience, as evidenced by the huge number of ways to get involved in the Calculate Linux community and platform development.

⇡ "Ulyanovsk.BSD »

Developer: Sergey Volkov

An operating system that is built on the freely distributed FreeBSD platform and contains the necessary set of application programs for home users and office tasks. According to the only OS developer Sergei Volkov, Ulyanovsk.BSD is fully adapted to the needs of Russian-speaking users. “Our assembly is as lightweight as possible and is ideal for use on both home computers and employee workstations various organizations, and also for use in educational institutions,” says the author of the project, without going into details of how exactly the product he compiled differs from the original. The credibility of the project is added not only by the presence of a commercially distributed distribution and paid technical support, but also by an entry in the Russian software registry. This means that the Ulyanovsk.BSD software platform can be legally used by government organizations as part of projects to introduce import-substituting technologies.

A certified and secure operating system that allows you to process information in accordance with Federal Law No. 152 “On Personal Data” and implement systems for processing restricted access information that is not related to state secrets. ICLinux includes remote administration tools, has a built-in firewall certified for compliance with the RD ME for security class 3, supports RDP, X-Windows System, SSH, Telnet, VNC, VPN, NX, ICA and other protocols. The platform’s assets also include compatibility with the authentication tools of the Aladdin R.D. company. and a modular architecture that allows you to flexibly customize the operating system to suit customer requirements.

⇡ "Alpha OS" (Alfa OS)

Developer: ALFA Vision company

Another Linux clone equipped with user interface a la macOS with a set of familiar office applications and filled with deep philosophical meaning. No joke, on the developer’s website in the “About the Company” section, it says: “ The operating system is a special phenomenon, a point at which technological, aesthetic and humanitarian concepts converge. A peak that is visible from all sides. For it to shine and become what it should be, a wide variety of meaningful experiences are needed. And we have it" There is so much expression in these words, what a presentation of information! Agree, not everyone can present their product to a wide audience so expressively. Currently, Alpha OS is presented as a desktop version for x86-compatible systems. In the future, ALFA Vision intends to roll out mobile and server editions of the OS to the market, as well as a distribution kit for devices based on ARM processors.

A software platform developed specifically for computing systems with SPARC and Elbrus architecture. A special feature of the system is the radically redesigned Linux kernel, in which special process management mechanisms have been implemented, virtual memory, interrupts, signals, synchronization, support for tagged calculations. " We have done fundamental work to transform the Linux OS into an operating system that supports real-time operation, for which relevant optimizations have been implemented in the kernel. During real-time work, you can set various modes for processing external interrupts, scheduling calculations, exchanges with disk drives, and some others", explains the MCST company. In addition, a set of tools for protecting information from unauthorized access is built into the core of the Elbrus software platform, which allows you to use the OS to build automated systems that meet the highest information security requirements. The system also includes archiving, task scheduling, software development and other tools.

⇡ "EdOS"

An operating system based on the Linux kernel, designed to ensure the security of processed data. "Red OS" complies with domestic information security requirements, has pre-configured configurations for each hardware architecture, uses GOST 34.11-2012 algorithms in the ssh and NX protocols, and also supports access control lists. In addition, the OS supports network authentication using plug-in authentication modules (PAM, Pluggable Authentication Modules) and includes a specialized distributed audit subsystem that allows you to monitor critical security events in the corporate network and provides the IT administrator with the necessary tools for prompt response to incidents IB.

⇡ GosLinux (“GosLinux”)

Developer: Red Soft company

GosLinux OS is created specifically for the needs Federal service bailiffs of the Russian Federation (FSSP of Russia) and is suitable for use in all authorities, state extra-budgetary funds and local governments. The platform is built on the CentOS 6.4 distribution, which includes developments from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The system is presented in two editions - for servers and workstations, contains a simplified graphical interface and a set of pre-configured information security tools. The OS developer is the Red Soft company, which won the competition in March 2013 for the development, implementation and maintenance of automated information systems of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. In 2014, the system received a certificate of conformity from the FSTEC of Russia, confirming that GosLinux has an estimated trust level of OUD3 and complies with the requirements of the governing document of the State Technical Commission of the Russian Federation for the 4th level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The GosLinux OS distribution for government agencies is located in the national fund of algorithms and programs at nfap.minsvyaz.ru. Currently, the GosLinux platform is being actively deployed in all territorial authorities and divisions of the FSSP of Russia. The OS was also handed over for trial operation to representatives of the authorities of the Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd and Yaroslavl regions.

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Developer: Almi LLC

Product website:

Another Linux build on our list that definitely doesn't suffer from a lack of praise from developers. " Unique, ideal, simple, combining the convenience of the Windows operating system, the stability of macOS and the security of Linux“- such phrases raising AlterOS to the skies are stitched up and down the official website of the product. What exactly is the uniqueness of the domestic platform is not stated on the site, but information is provided about three editions of the OS: AlterOS “Volga” for the public sector, AlterOS “Amur” for the corporate segment and AlterOS “Don” for servers. The system is reported to be compatible with many popular applications in the business environment. software solutions, including 1C and Consultant Plus, as well as domestic cryptoprotection tools (for example, CryptoPro). Special emphasis is placed on the absence in the version of the platform for government organizations of software that interacts with foreign servers - everything is done according to the canons of maximum import substitution, the developers say.

⇡ Mobile Armed Forces System (MSMS)

Developer: All-Russian Research Institute of Control Automation in the Non-Industrial Sphere named after. V.V. Solomatina (VNIINS)

A secure general-purpose operating system designed for building stationary and mobile secure automated systems in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Accepted for supply to the RF Armed Forces in 2002. WSWS is based on the Linux kernel and components, supplemented by discretionary, mandatory and role-based models for restricting access to information. The system operates on hardware Intel platforms(x86 and x86_64), SPARC (“Elbrus-90micro”), MIPS, PowerPC64, SPARC64 and is certified according to the information security requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The security measures implemented in WSWS make it possible to create automated systems based on the platform that process information that constitutes a state secret and has a secrecy level of “SS” (top secret).

⇡ "Zarya"

Developer: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Economics, Informatics and Control Systems" ("TsNII EISU", part of the "United Instrument-Making Corporation")

A family of software platforms based on the Linux kernel, which represent an alternative to foreign operating systems currently used in law enforcement agencies, the public sector and defense enterprises. The Zarya desktop operating system is compatible with most traditional office applications and programs. The Zarya-DPC server platform allows you to organize an application server or database server. To build data centers, it offers a standard set of server software, virtualization tools, as well as the ability to work on so-called “big hardware,” including mainframes. For embedded systems operating without human intervention, which must process information in real time, a special OS “Zarya RV” has been developed. The system corresponds to the third class of protection against unauthorized access and the second level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The platform was developed by order of the Russian Ministry of Defense and is expected to be in demand by law enforcement agencies, the defense complex, as well as commercial structures working with state secrets and personal data.

Operating system for terminal stations. It is based on Linux and contains only the necessary set of tools for organizing workspaces using thin clients. All features beyond this scope are excluded from the distribution. Kraftway Terminal Linux supports many application-level network protocols (RDP, VNC, SSH, NX, XWindow, VMWare View PCoIP, etc.), allows you to configure access rights for forwarding USB media, provides the ability to use network and local printers, and contains configuration recovery tools OS during reboot, as well as tools for remote group management of terminal stations and administration of workstations. A special feature of the system is its high security. Kraftway Terminal Linux also supports user authentication hardware: eToken PRO and eToken PRO Java USB keys from Aladdin R.D. CJSC, as well as RuToken S and RuToken EDS from Active-Soft CJSC. The OS update can be carried out by the administrator via local network or from a USB flash drive. It is possible to configure auto-update as with local server the customer and from the Kraftway server.

⇡ WTware

Developer: Andrey Kovalev

Another software platform for deploying workplaces in the IT infrastructure of an enterprise using inexpensive terminal solutions. The WTware distribution includes services for downloading over the network, tools for working with printers, barcode scanners and other peripheral equipment. COM and USB port redirection is supported, as well as smart card authentication. To connect to the terminal server, the RDP protocol is used, and to quickly resolve issues that arise when setting up the operating system, detailed documentation is included in the distribution kit. WTware is distributed under commercial terms and licensed by the number of workstations. The developer offers a free version of the OS for the Raspberry Pi minicomputer.

⇡ KasperskyOS

Developer: Kaspersky Lab

A secure operating system designed for use in critical infrastructures and devices. The Kaspersky Lab platform can be used to automated systems management technological processes(APCS), telecommunications equipment, medical devices, cars and other gadgets from the world of the Internet of Things. The OS was created from scratch and, due to its architecture, guarantees a high level of information security. The basic operating principle of KasperskyOS comes down to the rule “everything that is not permitted is prohibited.” This eliminates the possibility of exploiting both already known vulnerabilities and those that will be discovered in the future. At the same time, all security policies, including prohibitions on performing certain processes and actions, are configured in accordance with the needs of the organization. The platform will be supplied as pre-installed software on various types equipment used in industrial and corporate networks. Currently, Kaspersky Lab's secure OS is embedded in an L3 routing switch developed by Kraftway.

A real-time operating system (RTOS), written by AstroSoft programmers from scratch, without borrowing anyone else's code, and designed primarily for the Internet of Things and embedded devices. In addition, it is suitable for robotics, medical equipment, systems " smart home"and "smart city", consumer electronics etc. For the first time, the real-time OS “MAX” (the abbreviation stands for “multi-agent coherent system”) was demonstrated to a wide audience in January 2017. The platform not only implements all the classic functionality of products of this type, but also has a number of unique capabilities for organizing the interaction of multiple devices, making it possible to simplify the creation of mechanisms necessary in embedded systems: redundancy, hot-swappable equipment, etc. One of the features of MAX is support for shared memory at the device level. This mechanism ensures automatic synchronization of information between nodes of a distributed system, resistant to failures of individual components. RTOS "MAX" is included in the register of domestic software. In addition, the product is registered with the Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) and is currently undergoing certification by the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia) for the fourth level of control of undeclared capabilities (NDV).

⇡ As a conclusion

There are two approaches to creating Russian software. The first is to write source code products from scratch, entirely by domestic specialists. The second option involves the creation of national software based on the modification of borrowed source codes. This is precisely what Russian software companies working in the field of software import substitution adhere to. Our top 20 operating systems with the “Made in Russia” label are a clear confirmation of this. Whether this is good or bad is a big question, a subject for a separate discussion.

On the Internet, patriots are trolled in the following style: “Here you are reading this message on Chinese computer with American programs, it’s not Orthodox”. Now, if only we had everything completely domestic... Moreover, now “for this bench” you can easily win a large government contract: for the sake of such a thing, many equipment manufacturers have already begun to produce it at contract factories among the birches dear to our hearts.

We do not count charlatans like the schoolboy who drew the screensaver and announced the creation of the BolgenOS operating system, but as an expense - but, it turns out, Russia is full of serious developments.

Not very Russian ROSA Linux

Here, for example, is ROSA Linux (read not as “rose”, but as “dew”, which is on the grass in the morning). It can hardly be considered completely Russian, because these are actually further branches of the development of foreign assemblies from Mandriva and Red Hat. The version for home users is called Rosa Fresh; The latest build was released in August 2016.

The advantage of this free build compared to the same Ubuntu is the ability to choose a graphical interface (KDE or Gnome), the availability of drivers “out of the box” for a large number of devices, including proprietary ones (say, NVIDIA video cards), and pre-installed software - such as Skype, Java, Flash, Steam, its own omnivorous media player, etc., as well as convenient tools for creating restore points.

Desktop of the ROSA 2012LTS operating system.

Astra Linux

Astra Linux is another Russian build of Linux (originally based on Debian), developed for security forces and intelligence agencies. It has the highest level of protection and is certified to work with information containing state secrets. To heighten patriotism, all releases are named after the hero cities of Russia.

Now relevant are “Eagle” - a version for everyday office, excuse me, clerical tasks, and “Smolensk” for working with information in the “Top Secret” category. “Novorossiysk” is preparing for release - mobile version OS for smartphones and tablets with ARM processors.

From a technical point of view, Astra differs from all other Linux systems by its own patented access control system, and also has a number of other data protection functions - for example, when a file is deleted, it is completely deleted and the space it occupied is filled with random masking data sequences (in On other OSes, by default, only the FAT entry is changed, and in order to deleted file could not be read by sector-by-sector reading of the drive, special utilities are used).

General-purpose operating system Astra Linux Common Edition.

Software for intelligence agencies

“Zarya” is another special-purpose build of Linux (based on Red Hat), it is used exclusively in the Russian army and exists in the form of several assemblies - for workstations, for data centers, for specialized computerized complexes, etc.

There is also WSWS - “ Mobile system Armed Forces" and GosLinux - OS for the Federal Bailiff Service (also based on Red Hat). There are statistics on the latter: it was installed on 660 servers and 16 thousand workstations, while the cost of a copy per computer turned out to be 1,500 rubles. As it is installed on more PCs by the end of 2016 (then it will be installed on half of FSSP computers), the average cost will drop to 800 rubles. In any case, this is several times cheaper than licenses for Windows and MS Office.

"Elbrus"

"Elbrus" is an operating system for computers with Russian processors with the same name. Since these processors, although compatible with x86, have their own unique architecture, we decided to develop a special OS - again, on the Linux kernel - that takes into account the characteristics of the CPU and makes the most of their advantages.

VK Monokube-PC is a personal computer based on the Elbrus-2C+ microprocessor with the Elbrus / MCST operating system.

Software from scratch

All of the above operating systems, unfortunately, are not completely Russian developments, since they are various variations on the theme of foreign Linux. However, we also have our own OS called “Phantom”, developed from scratch.

One of key features“Phantom” is persistence, which means that applications work without stopping and do not even “know” that the computer was turned off or rebooted - work continues exactly from the same moment. This is somewhat similar to the "hibernation" mode in other systems (where the contents of memory are written to disk as files and then loaded), but is guaranteed to work without driver and program failures, and everything happens automatically. Even if you suddenly turn off the computer, the data will not be lost and after turning it on again everything will be the same as a few seconds before turning it off.

There is only one problem with Phantom: application software needs to be written for it (or ported from Unix systems), but here the chicken and egg problem arises: until there is at least some penetration of the OS, no one will want to write programs for it, but for now no programs - no penetration.

To make both an OS and programs at the same time requires huge investments, which the small company Digital Zone, the author of Phantom, does not have. Therefore, the system exists in the form of an alpha version for 32-bit x86 processors and the prospects for its further development are very vague.

Actually, programs do not need to be able to write their state to a file, and in general, Phantom operates not with “files”, but with “objects”. According to the creators of the OS, writing programs for it is much easier and 30% cheaper.

Masking as Russian software

We should also remember the noise that arose around Sailfish OS after our minister Nikolai Nikiforov met with the leaders of the Finnish Jolla. A year ago, Jolla was purchased by Russian businessman Grigory Berezkin and even won the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications competition for import substitution in the OS segment for mobile devices.

Since then, nothing has happened, and there is nothing Russian, except for the buyer, in Sailfish yet. However, there is talk that a new mobile OS will be developed in Russia at Innopolis, aimed at export.

Many media outlets came out with headlines that this was the creation of a domestic mobile operating system. But on the Internet there are a priori no borders; all products must be global. On the contrary, we would like Russian developers to participate in the creation of a product that will be export-oriented, and ideally become a platform for the BRICS countries.

Nikolay Nikiforov

Minister of Communications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation

And there is a certain logical trick here: Nikiforov considers the open operating system Sailfish one of the possible candidates to become a platform for further import substitution in the IT field. However, nothing is said about the fact that Sailfish will be developed in Innopolis. But it is said that the Open Mobile Platform company, suddenly owned by Berezkin, will only take the foreign Sailfish as a basis and modify it for ordinary Russian users. That is, this is not another “Linux for the public sector,” but an OS for the mass market.

Let's discard all these streamlined formulations: it is clear that under the guise of a Russian mobile OS they will show us exactly the remade Sailfish. It, in turn, is a Linux-like heir to the MeeGo and Maemo platforms, which were developed at Nokia and were “killed” by Stephen Elop, a Cossack sent by Microsoft, because they were competitors Windows Phone. However, they managed to release one device, Nokia N9.

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Sailfish can run Android applications, so there will be no problems with the software, however, it is difficult to explain to the user why he should run Android applications not on Android, but on a smartphone with a different operating system.

The main advantage of Sailfish is the absence of dependence on Google and its services (it is for this reason that, for example, Samsung developed Bada and Tizen). The user is promised a little magic, like Apple, and programmers are promised ease of creating applications without problems with fragmentation. According to rumors, Yotaphone 3 will be released on Sailfish.

What's the result?

The bottom line is this: all “live” Russian operating systems are actually Linux builds redesigned for specific tasks. They fulfill their tasks of saving the state budget and ensuring the safety of data. The degree of patriotism is increasing. They give jobs to system administrators and software developers. That is, everything is fine.

As you know, it is easiest to sell raw materials, and this is true both for traditional types of raw materials and for the so-called information ones. What is information raw material? Organization of outsourcing and offshore programming are types of export of information raw materials. The common thing in this scheme is that the overseas partner releases the final product under its own brand, using the labor of Russian programmers, who for the most part do not have the rights to the final development.

Of course, the most promising is domestic development of the full cycle - from design to implementation. This is not only the most difficult, but also the most promising business for both the developer and the state as a whole. Of course, our software industry is not yet sufficiently developed, but the idea of ​​the weakness of the Russian software industry is also caused by low awareness of domestic developments, as well as their insufficient implementation.

In preparing this article, we interviewed about a hundred users and computer market experts in order to determine the ten best domestic products. About half of the respondents could not remember all ten programs, and some limited themselves to only two or three names. Nevertheless, in total, about fifty domestic products were listed. The absolute leadership belonged to the following products: 1C: Accounting, FineReader from ABBYY, Kaspersky Anti-Virus and the PROMT translator, which were listed in more than 90% of the responses. Other products turned out to be not so popular - the remaining places were divided by 15 companies that received approximately the same number of votes. We present them in alphabetical order.

It seems to us that all the products presented below are proof of the consistency and prospects for the development of Russian software. We should not forget that the future of domestic software largely depends on the Russian buyer, who votes with his wallet for this or that software. No one is saying that you need to buy a bad product just out of patriotism, but you shouldn’t lose sight of the best domestic developments, which in most cases will cost you less than foreign ones.

1C: Accounting 7.7
Developer: "1C"

“1C: Accounting” - probably the most popular product on the Russian market - is found in almost all answers to the above-mentioned survey. This is a universal mass-use program for accounting automation. Can be used both independently and in conjunction with other products of the 1C:Enterprise 7.7 system (“1C: Trade and Warehouse”, “1C: Salary and Personnel”, “Production + Services + Accounting”, etc.). The typical configuration is ready-made solution to automate most areas of accounting. The delivery set includes a configuration intended for accounting in self-supporting organizations. For accounting purposes in institutions and organizations on a budget, the separately supplied configuration “For budget organizations” is intended. In addition, “1C: Accounting 7.7” can be used with other specially created configurations.

The program allows you to automate both the maintenance of all sections of accounting (providing flexible options for this, including the use of several charts of accounts simultaneously, multidimensional analytical accounting, complex postings, etc.), and the preparation of any primary documents.

The initial information in “1C: Accounting 7.7” is an operation that reflects a real business transaction in the enterprise. An operation contains one or more accounting entries to reflect the completed business transaction in accounting. Transactions can be entered manually or generated automatically by entered documents. The program can also use standard operations, which make it possible to automate the entry of frequently repeated operations.

"1C: Accounting 7.7" includes a set of standard reports that allow an accountant to obtain information for an arbitrary period, in various sections and with the required degree of detail. All generated reports can be printed. The program includes a set of accounting and tax reporting forms, which are updated quarterly and distributed free of charge to registered users.

The standard configuration of “1C:Accounting 7.7” implements the most common accounting schemes and can be used in most organizations. To reflect the accounting specifics of a particular enterprise, the standard configuration can be changed in accordance with accounting requirements.

When legislation and accounting methodology change, updates to the standard 1C: Accounting configuration are released and provided free of charge to registered users. The update mode implemented in the program allows you to load new features without losing data previously entered by the user.

"1C: Accounting 7.7" contains a variety of tools for connecting with other programs:

• connection of legal support systems "1C: Garant". Integration of the 1C:Garant system and 1C:Enterprise system programs allows you to select regulatory documents for the account or type of payroll with which the accountant works;
• the ability to exchange information with Bank Client systems;
• exchange data with other systems via files in text or DBF format, as well as on the basis modern means integrations: OLE, OLE Automation and DDE. Using these tools allows you to control the operation of other programs using the built-in language (for example, generate reports and graphs in Microsoft Excel); gain access to 1C:Accounting 7.7 data from other programs; insert into documents and reports “1C: Accounting 7.7” objects created by other programs.

ABBYY FineReader 5.0

The world's most accurate recognition system, ABBYY FineReader 5.0, is designed for automatically entering documents into a computer using a scanner.

The program is easy to use: you insert a document into the scanner, press the Scan&Read button, and the recognized text appears on the text editor screen. At the same time, the design of the document is completely preserved: the arrangement of text, tables, pictures, text color.

The following properties distinguish FineReader 5.0 from other recognition systems:

• recognition quality - recognition accuracy in the fifth version of FineReader has improved by 1.5-2 times compared to version 4.0. To date, the FineReader OCR system has received more than 50 awards from reputable international publications;
• accurate preservation of document design - preservation of design has been improved both by improving the analysis of the document and by more accurately preserving its font design (such features as bold and italics, the distance between words and paragraphs, etc. are preserved);
• fast publication of documents on the Internet - HTML, PDF formats are supported;
• 176 recognition languages ​​- spell check function available for 30 of them;
• call from Microsoft Word;
• automatic division of double book pages.

FineReader 5.0 Pro is the most popular version in the FineReader line, combining the level of the professional version with an affordable price. Provides high quality work in automatic mode, provides ample opportunities for editing the result (convenient built-in editor, the ability to compare with an image, an ergonomic interface of the spell check window, tools for editing blocks).

FineReader 5.0 Office includes additional professional features such as barcode recognition and the creation of new languages. But the main difference is the ability to organize mass input. The version supports network document processing. In delivery Office versions includes a form-filling program called Formulator, which allows you to fill out any form in a few minutes, such as an application for a foreign passport, a visa application form or an registration card.

PROMT Translation Office 2000
Developer: PROMT company

PROMT Translation Office 2000 - a system for professional work with texts in foreign languages. The product includes 8 programs that effectively solve the problem of translation when working with documents, correspondence and when working on the Internet. The system is already well known to many users, so we will list only its main features:

• the system is integrated into all applications Microsoft Office 2000, which allows you to comfortably translate Word documents and emails into Outlook without leaving the familiar application window;
• professional linguistic editor PROMT provides a wide range of settings for various specialized texts, being an indispensable tool for translators and linguists;
• a large English-Russian-English dictionary, which is included in the package, allows you to find a translation of almost any English or Russian word;
• The WebView browser allows you to easily access information on foreign sites and search the Internet.

Translation Office 2000 was released in April 2000 and has been continuously improved and developed over the past year and a half. Among the most significant changes are the update of the translation engine (to version 1.9) in order to improve the quality of translation, and the acceleration of the mechanism for embedding translation functions into Microsoft Office 2000 applications.

This year it became possible to translate from Spanish into Russian. Thus, the PROMT Translation Office 2000 system now works for five European languages: English, German, French, Italian and Spanish.

Price: $300

Kaspersky Anti-Virus
Developer: Kaspersky Lab

Kaspersky Anti-Virus is a recognized leader in computer information protection technologies. Many functional features of most modern antiviruses were first developed at Kaspersky Lab. A number of large Western anti-virus software manufacturers use the anti-virus core of this product in their products. The exceptional reliability and quality of the program is confirmed by numerous awards and certificates from Russian and foreign countries. computer publications, independent testing laboratories. Kaspersky Lab develops a wide range of software products to ensure information security. The company's product line includes antivirus programs, information integrity monitoring systems and protection systems against external intrusions. Antiviruses are one of the main areas of activity of Kaspersky Lab, on which the company's main efforts are concentrated. The offered range of products is aimed at both home computers and corporate networks any scale. The company's anti-virus solutions provide reliable control over all potential sources of infiltration computer viruses: They are used on workstations, file servers, Web servers, mail systems, firewalls, and PDAs. Convenient management tools give users the opportunity to automate anti-virus protection of computers and corporate networks as much as possible.

"Kaspersky Anti-Virus" can be purchased in computer stores and showrooms or via the Internet: through the "People's Anti-Virus" marketing program, by credit cards, in online stores, as well as from official partners of the company.

Prices for all products can be found at http://www.kaspersky.ru/products.asp?pricelist=1.

Price for products for home users with a one-year subscription: “Kaspersky Anti-Virus Personal” - $50, “Kaspersky Anti-Virus Personal Pro” - $69.

ABBYY Lingvo 7.0
Developer: ABBYY Software House

The powerful professional dictionary ABBYY Lingvo 7.0 is very easy to use. In addition to an extensive vocabulary base, the advantages of Lingvo include a fast and convenient search system, grammatical comments on words, and the ability to create your own dictionaries. In addition, the most common English words in Lingvo are voiced by a native speaker. All this makes Lingvo 7.0 an indispensable assistant not only for translators, but also for language learners.

ABBYY Lingvo 7.0 (English-Russian and Russian-English version) contains more than 1 million 200 thousand dictionary entries in 18 English-Russian and Russian-English dictionaries of general and specialized vocabulary (economic, scientific-technical, polytechnic, computer technology and programming, oil and gas, etc.). In this case, the user can work with any number of necessary dictionaries in all combinations.

Advantages of Lingvo 7.0:

• high-quality dictionaries with modern vocabulary;
• online translation using hot keys Ctrl-Ins-Ins;
• creation of custom dictionaries;
• free user dictionaries at http://www.lingvo.ru/;
• comments on words;
• live sound of 5 thousand English words;
• thoughtful interface; support for drag-and-drop technology; simultaneous work with a large number of dictionaries on a virtual bookshelf.

The price of the English-Russian and Russian-English versions is $12.

Cortona VRML client
Developer: ParallelGraphics

Cortona VRML client from ParallelGraphics is the world's most popular VRML browser, designed for viewing a variety of 3D scenes, models and worlds in VRML, a widely used and ISO standard 3D format.

In addition to supporting the full VRML specification, Cortona also supports a number of extensions such as NURBS and Splines, reflection maps, drag-and-drop, Automation Interface, etc. This functionality makes Cortona a powerful and efficient platform for building a variety of online and offline 3D solutions, such as virtual interactive manuals, visualization of processes and procedures, entertainment and educational 3D single-user and multi-user services.

Using advanced algorithms and technologies, Cortona allows you to display the most complex scenes and models in real time while achieving superior image quality. And taking into account the built-in support for DirectX, OpenGL, hardware graphics accelerators, as well as the fact that Cortona is optimized for various processors Intel From the Pentium processor with MMX technology to the new Intel Pentium 4, users can be confident that Cortona will make the best use of available hardware and software resources to achieve maximum performance.

Today, Cortona VRML client, already installed on more than 500 thousand computers around the world, is the de facto standard for viewing VRML scenes and models. Companies that have chosen Cortona include BBC Online, Boeing, Man Roland and many others.

ParallelGraphics also offers versions of Cortona for other platforms: Mac, Mac OS X, Java and Pocket PC.

More information about Cortona VRML client and free version for personal use can be obtained from the company's website http://www.parallelgraphics.com/products/cortona/. For personal, non-commercial use, Cortona VRML client is distributed free of charge. A commercial license costs from $5 per seat.

Doctor Web32
Developer: DialogueScience

According to the results of our survey, Doctor Web was in second place, losing in popularity to Kaspersky Anti-Virus. However, DialogueScience, as is clear from the press releases distributed by the company, is not at all inclined to dramatize the situation. On the contrary (and this is an indisputable fact), 2001 became the most successful year in the career of Doctor Web - in November the program received the next, already seventh, VB100% award, awarded based on the results of the most authoritative comparative testing of antiviruses, conducted by the independent international magazine Virus Bulletin. Considering that four of the seven awards were received since September 2001, one cannot help but admit that the optimism of DialogueScience employees is not without foundation.

But it’s not just about the awards, of course. Over the past year, the program has been continuously improved, and the product has developed both “in depth” (technologically) and “in breadth” (versions have been released for various operating systems). The latter, by the way, did not go unnoticed by colleagues in the shop - it was Doctor Web for Linux that was chosen by the ASPLinux manufacturers for inclusion in the delivery of the corresponding operating system. A complete listing of all the technological know-how implemented in the program would take up too much space. Let's mention just a few of the most striking ones:

• a powerful heuristic for detecting viruses that are not included in the virus database (however, the database is sometimes updated several times a day - by releasing so-called hot additions);
• unique technology control of viral activity, implemented in the resident guard SpIDer Guard;
• full Windows memory check.

It should also be noted that Doctor Web, filled with a lot of “high technologies,” has not turned into an anti-virus “monster” that frightens viruses by its sheer volume. The developers manage to preserve the face of the program, so beloved by many users: compactness, reliability, performance and external simplicity.

Annual subscription costs $51.

FAR is a powerful file shell for Windows, one of the best Norton-like file managers. The program's interface replicates the traditional Norton Commander interface (the same menu and even launching the program in a DOS window), which makes it easier to launch some older programs developed for DOS. At the same time, FAR has many new functions that make working with the program very convenient.

FAR provides a wide range of commands with files and folders (view, edit, copy, move and rename, create, delete), has a simple user-friendly interface, and provides drag-and-drop functions for copy and move operations. The program works correctly with long names files, allows you to search and view texts in several different Russian encodings, and enter the archives of most popular archivers.

FAR provides convenient access to file archives on the Internet via the FTP protocol. You can configure the FTP server connection settings in advance by typing server address, name and password for access, as well as other parameters (and you can configure any number of such connections), and then connect to the server by simply selecting one of the previously configured connections. The list of FTP servers can have a branching structure, that is, you can create folders inside it and place new connections to FTP servers there or copy existing ones. After connecting, working with the server to transfer files is no different from working with files on your computer: the same functions are available for copying, deleting, creating files and directories on the FTP server.

For convenience, files of different types in FAR are displayed in different colors, and it is possible to customize the colors for each group and determine which file types are included in the group. FAR Manager- a program with an open architecture that allows you to write your own plugins.

You can significantly expand the capabilities of the FAR program and improve usability with the help of add-ons, many of which can be found on the Internet on sites with free software.

You can download the program at:

Prices: single-user license - $25, 5 users - $85.7

The Bat!
Developer: RIT Labs

The Bat! - a powerful and convenient email client for Windows 95/98/NT from RIT Labs. The program has many unique features and is an example of how a small company can create a product that can compete with the programs of the world's giants.

The Bat! has a small volume (the installation file without the Russian interface takes about 2 MB), supports any number mailboxes (accounts), supports POP3/SMTP, APOP, IMAP4, LDAP protocols, provides a wide selection of interface languages ​​with the ability to switch on the fly (17 languages, including almost all Slavic). You can view files in HTML format, import data from other mail programs, there are built-in graphics file viewers (*.GIF, *.PNG, *.BMP, *.ICO, *.WMF, *.EMF and *.JPEG).

The Bat! has powerful message sorting filters that automate work with correspondence. The program provides a convenient text editor with formatting and automatic spell checking in several languages. Implemented absolutely correct support for all Russian and other Eastern European encodings (koi-8, win-1251, dos-866, etc.).

Additional conveniences are provided by message templates and “quick templates” that insert pre-prepared text and save a lot of time when writing letters.

The Bat! is distributed as shareware, and you can work with the full commercial version of the program for 30 days by downloading version 1.53d from: http://www.ritlabs.com/ru/the_bat/download.html, and then follow register your copy. Recommended prices for a single copy of the product: student - $15, individual - $20, commercial - $30.

T-FLEX CAD
Developer: Top Systems

T-FLEX CAD is one of the best Russian computer-aided design systems for the preparation of design and technological documentation. To create design products (drawings, models, documentation, etc.), Top Systems offers five systems that cover all levels of automation of design work: T-FLEX CAD LT (drawing automation), T-FLEX CAD 2D (design automation), T-FLEX CAD 3D SE (preparation of drawings from 3D models), T-FLEX CAD 3D (three-dimensional modeling), T-FLEX CAD Viewer (free program for viewing and printing 2D T-FLEX CAD drawings) .

The proposed systems allow a flexible approach to equipping workplaces to solve production tasks, taking into account the specifics of work at each workplace and the financial capabilities of the enterprise. The possibility of stage-by-stage software and hardware equipment while maintaining the efficiency of already running programs makes the choice of T-FLEX very attractive. Comprehensive equipment with the proposed systems has the best “functionality/price” indicator.

Powerful parametric tools of the T-FLEX CAD 2D system, which serves for design automation, significantly increase designer productivity.

The economical T-FLEX CAD LT system differs from T-FLEX 2D only in the absence of parameterization tools. The system contains a set of functions sufficient to generate drawings of any complexity. Developed with the latest advances in CAD technology, sketching functions allow you to create non-parametric drawings quickly, easily and efficiently. All functions of drawing design, copying, import-export, working with texts, tables, libraries of texts and 2D elements are supported.

T-FLEX CAD 3D - the first and so far the only Russian system, using the Parasolid geometric kernel from Unigraphics Solutions, which allows T-FLEX CAD 3D users to model three-dimensional parts and assembly structures of any complexity.

The T-FLEX CAD 3D SE system makes it possible to minimize the cost of preparing drawing documentation for three-dimensional models created in T-FLEX CAD 3D or imported from other systems.

Free program T-FLEX CAD Viewer is designed for viewing and printing two-dimensional drawings made in the T-FLEX CAD system. Users of the T-FLEX CAD system can transfer the design and technological documentation they develop to in electronic format partners working with other programs. T-FLEX CAD Viewer can also be used in technical document management systems to view T-FLEX CAD drawings.

Main features of T-FLEX CAD systems:

• Friendly parameterization tools - the basis advanced technologies T-FLEX CAD. Unlike similar CAD systems, creating parametric models in T-FLEX CAD does not require programming skills, since the designer deals with ordinary variables and functions. T-FLEX CAD's parametric relationships make it easy and natural to animate a design, providing the ability to view the movement of the design created by the designer and kinematic analysis;
• optimization is one of the designer’s powerful tools, allowing you to select the best product parameters without manually adjusting the geometry. Thanks to the model optimization module, in T-FLEX CAD it is much easier to determine the parameters of bodies of a given volume, mass-inertial characteristics, equilibrium, balancing, etc.;
• User dialogue is a new functionality offered today only by T-FLEX. The dialogue organizes a visual representation of the changeable parameters of a unified part of the enterprise. This makes it easier for any designer to use a parametric design and makes it possible to compactly display the parameters used. Dialogs are convenient for offering products on the Internet, since it is possible to display not only changeable variables that a potential customer can “play with,” but also information from the developer;
• assembly models are the key to global design automation. A distinctive feature of T-FLEX CAD is the creation of parametric assembly drawings, which can be created both from an individual part to an assembly, and from an assembly to each part, or complexly. Using parametric drawings of individual parts created in T-FLEX CAD 2D, you can connect them into assembly drawings. Changing the parameters of an assembly drawing leads to changes in all its components.

Prices: T-FLEX CAD LT - $499, T-FLEX CAD 2D - $949, ​​T-FLEX CAD 3D SE - $1495, T-FLEX CAD 3D - $2895.

WinRAR
Developer: Evgeniy Roshal

WinRAR is a 32-bit version RAR archiver for Windows, a powerful tool for creating and managing archives. There are several versions of RAR for different operating systems, such as DOS, OS/2, Windows (32-bit), UNIX (Linux, BSD, SCO, Sparc and HP-UX) and Be OS.

There are two versions of RAR for Windows: version with graphical interface user (GUI) - WinRAR.exe and the console version of Rar.exe, running from command line in text mode.

WinRAR implements full support RAR and ZIP archives, implements an original highly efficient data compression algorithm and a special multimedia compression algorithm. User-friendly interface supports drag-and-drop technology).

The program includes:

• presence of a command line interface;
• management of archives of other formats (CAB, ARJ, LZH, TAR, GZ, ACE, UUE);
• support for continuous (solid) archives, in which the compression ratio can be 10-50% greater than with conventional compression methods, especially when packing a significant number of small similar files;
• support for multi-volume archives;
• creating self-extracting (SFX) regular and multi-volume archives using standard or additional SFX modules;
• recovery of physically damaged archives.

There are other additional functions, such as encryption, adding archive comments (with support for ANSI ESC sequences), error logging, etc.

In September of this year, the next version of WinRAR 2.90 appeared.

Prices: single user license - $35, 5 users - $120.

Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius 2001
Developer: Cyril and Methodius

BEKM’2001 is the fifth edition of the popular Russian encyclopedia, the content of which has been constantly expanded and updated over the course of five years. Each a new version this universal program contains numerous changes and additions that allow it to be always up-to-date and reliable. Now the volume of textual information included in the “Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius 2001” is 68 book volumes (regular format, 600 pages each).

BEKM’2001 contains:

• 82 thousand encyclopedic articles;
• 17,400 illustrations;
• 640 audio fragments (7 hours of sound);
• 420 video fragments (5 hours of video);
• geographical atlas of the world;
• statistical data on countries of the world;
• texts of laws of the Russian Federation;
• "Chronicle of Humanity" (four scales);
• animated maps;
• "Age of Dinosaurs";
• “Earth Ecosystems” (22 multimedia panoramas);
• “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” by S.I. Ozhegov and N.Yu. Shvedova;
• “Explanatory Dictionary of Foreign Words” by L.P. Krysin.

BEKM is an extensive source of information in all areas of knowledge: a gigantic volume of data, a meticulously developed encyclopedia structure, a wide range of applications and a unique search system allow us to talk about the most effective use of the encyclopedia in any area of ​​human activity. Legal users of previous editions of BEKM will be able to exchange their discs for BEKM’2001 for $22. BEKM’2001 is distributed in two versions: 8 CDs and DVD.

Price $45

Descartes 2.9
Developer: Arsenal

“Descartes 2.9” is a personal finance management system that takes into account all income and expenses (cash, transactions with plastic cards, transactions on bank accounts) and gives a complete picture of your financial situation. The program is not difficult to master and serves as an indispensable tool for managing a personal or family budget.

Functionality programs:

• multi-currency accounts - accounts can be maintained in any currency, and a directory of exchange rates is maintained for each currency;
• classification, periodization and detailing of transactions - the ability to set your own categories of financial transactions, purposes, recipients and transaction labels; automatic entry of repeating operations at a specified frequency or within a specified period of time;
• debts and loans - the ability to track transactions to repay debts, receive or issue loans with automatic accounting of interest on these transactions;
• text and graphic reports - "Descartes" generates a variety of reports in text or graphic form: overall balance, dynamics of expenses and income for the period, structure of expenses and income for the period, account statement, layout according to two arbitrary classifications, date or amount. Generated reports can be printed in text or graphic form and exported to common Microsoft Word and Excel applications;
• ability to work with multiple databases - this opportunity included in the system at the request of users using this program for business purposes. This is convenient, in particular, for employees of a small enterprise working on a single computer;
• working with external modules - the “Export” and “Import” items of the “Document” menu are used to exchange data between this and other programs.

A demo version of the product can be downloaded at http://www.ars.ru/products/download.asp?prod=35.

Price: $40

Document management system "Euphrates Office"
Developer: Cognitive Technologies:

The Euphrates system is a tool for organizing documents, successfully solving problems associated with organizing documentation support for management. Based on the client-server technology, Euphrates solves the problems of an organization's document flow.

The system provides new opportunities for comprehensive automation of office work, including registration, execution control, transfer, search and creation of an electronic archive of documents received from a variety of sources.

Main features of Euphrates Office:

• automatic document entry (including OCR);
• registration (automatic full-text indexing text documents for all words of the text, taking into account Russian morphology; details registration of any electronic and paper documents according to any set of details, etc.);
• viewing;
• search (full-text and detailed search of documents on request of any complexity using logical operations “AND”, “OR”, “NOT”; contextual search);
• export;
• seal;
• creation of electronic archives;
• control and executive discipline;
• creating reports.

It is possible to install the Euphrates Document Server module, which provides working together users with a single database.

Price: $199 including VAT.

IL-2. Stormtrooper
Developer: 1C: Maddox Games
Publisher: "1C"

Simulator of the legendary “flying tank” from the Great Patriotic War. The level of detail of the vehicle models is recognized as superior to most existing games from the leaders of the Western market. The quality of ground vehicle models is not inferior to the quality of tank simulator models, not to mention flight simulators. This is one of the most high-tech and historically accurate flight simulators in the history of the simulation genre. "IL-2. Stormtrooper" tells the story of the most large-scale battles that took place on the fronts in the period from 1941 to 1945. The game simulates 77 types of aircraft (of which you can fly 31), 86 types of tanks, armored vehicles and cars (both Soviet, American and German), several types of locomotives, platforms with tanks, cars and anti-aircraft guns, passenger and freight cars , Soviet and German howitzers, warships and even submarines!

The ConsultantPlus family of legal reference systems includes 18 main software products: databases on federal and regional legislation, international law, judicial practice, databases of consultations on accounting and taxation. Users of the ConsultantPlus systems have access to legal acts of the Soviet period, as well as forms of business documentation.

ConsultantPlus systems are used in practice by managers, accountants, lawyers and other specialists whose work is related to the application and analysis of legislation. Users include large, medium and small enterprises of all forms of ownership and various areas of activity.

All systems are developed in a single software technology and are equipped with the necessary functions for searching for information and working with it. Documents in the database can be found by details (adopting authority, date or time range of adoption, type of document, number), and by subject, and by any words or phrases from the text or title. The texts of the documents are provided with hyperlinks to related (amending, supplementing, etc.) legal acts. The user can print documents from the system, write them to a file, and export them to MS Word for further work.

The ConsultantPlus software shell has been certified by Microsoft for compatibility with Windows operating systems and received the Microsoft logo “Certified for Microsoft Windows- Windows 2000 Professional."

The ConsultantPlus system includes regular information updates. The information update standard is daily via telecommunications networks or weekly via courier delivery. The systems are supplied, as well as service maintenance, by 300 regional service centers of the ConsultantPlus network in 150 cities of Russia. Service includes updating information in the system on the user’s computer, free training in working with the system (with the issuance of a personalized certificate), free replacement of software versions with new ones, consultations on the operation of systems and technical support.

The cost of supplying a specific system depends on the amount of data included.

As an example, we can cite the cost of supplying and updating the two most common systems: the system under federal legislation ConsultantPlus: VersionProf and systems for information and legal support for accounting departments ConsultantAccountant: VersionProf. Installation of the ConsultantPlus:VersionProf system (34,000 documents, up to 400 new per month) costs 23,802 rubles, updating information - 1,794 rubles. System delivery ConsultantAccountant:VersionProf (11,400 regulatory documents and 31,600 consulting materials, up to 110 new documents and up to 700 consulting materials per month) costs 10,300 rubles. 80 kopecks, updating information - 1,120 rubles. 80 kop. (All data and prices are as of November 2001).

Lexicon 5.1
Developer: Arsenal

"Lexicon 5.1" is a full-featured word processor for Windows 98/Me/NT/2000, developed taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian language, the specifics of document preparation and office work. The program contains a rich set of functions (it makes it possible not only to enter text information, but also to format it in almost any way, it has a convenient and practical interface with flexible configuration tools.

In addition to all the traditional functions of working with text, Lexicon 5.1 has a unique document management system “Archive” - these are document catalogs, systematized according to various criteria, regardless of the direct placement of files with these documents. This version introduces for the first time a powerful navigation tool that allows the user to see condensed content of all open documents. The program also has a document comparison function with the ability to edit the compared text.

"Lexicon 5.1" is equipped new system search and correct spelling errors, automatically checking mixed texts in Russian and English in background. It is also possible to instantly correct Russian text accidentally typed in the English keyboard mode, and vice versa.

Another important feature of Lexicon 5.1 is its versatility. The editor supports file formats MS Word 6-8, RTF, TXT, HTML, DOS versions of the Lexicon. In addition, the program is fully compatible with the Lotus Notes document management system and can be used with it as the main text editor.

A demo version of the product can be downloaded at: http://www.ars.ru/products/download.asp?prod=173.

A JDBC interface has been created for customers who plan to make applications that use the Internet. JDBC LINTER (JDBC 1.2 specification) allows you to write applications in Java and provides access to the database via the Internet.

Linter runs on various operating systems: MS Windows NT/2000; 3.xx/95/98, Linux, FreeBSD, UnixWare, QNX, UNIX System V, SINIX, Sun Solaris, Digital UNIX, USIX, OS/9000, OS/9, QNX, VAX/VMS, OpenVMS, VX Works, HP -UX, Novell NetWare, MS-DOS, OS/2.

LINTER can work both on one computer and on a network - local or global, supporting network protocols: IPX/SPX, TCP/IP, NetBIOS and DECNet.

An important task is data protection and access restriction. In order to prevent leakage of confidential information, Linter has powerful system protection. At the moment, LINTER is the only DBMS that has received a certificate from the State Technical Commission under the President of the Russian Federation for compliance with the 2nd class of protection against unauthorized access according to SVT.

The basis for the reliability of DBMS Linter's work with data is the system log, or transaction log, which displays all changes made to the data by all users of the system. LINTER implements four transaction modes: Optimistic, Pessimistic, Autocommit, Read-only. Data safety from equipment failures is ensured by an archiving and recovery program, and increased reliability of the information system is ensured by hot backup.

LINTER is a real-time system, so it is used in queuing systems where prompt processing of events from the outside world is required and where waiting for a transaction to complete is unacceptable for a long time when the necessary data is at the disposal of another user.

The ability to quickly full-text and XML search in large volumes of information allows you to use the system as a search engine when creating Web servers.

For users working in other applications (Notepad, Navigator, Eudora Light, Exchange, etc.) or even in their own windows, checking is provided using hot keys using ORFO Agent, as well as the Standalone Speller mini-editor with built-in checking the spelling of typed text or Clipboard content.

For some languages, you can additionally order specialized dictionaries in areas of knowledge such as business, technology, medicine, etc.

The Russian grammar module, unlike MS Word, checks several more difficult cases where errors are common. The Russian module "ORFO" additionally includes: an explanatory dictionary and a grammar reference book, compiling an abstract and a list of keywords, searching and replacing words in all forms, a detailed help system, a macro command for arranging all possible hyphens, etc.

The fact that ORFO is used to check spelling in MS Office makes it one of the most common domestic programs.

Prices: “ORFO 2002” basic - $8, “ORFO 2002” professional - $99.

ComputerPress 12"2001

Recently, information appeared that soon all computers intended for government agencies will no longer have the “traditional” Windows operating system. Instead there will be a Russian OS. It is planned to begin testing it next year.

Optimistic forecasts

The most popular project that can lay claim to such a significant role is Synergy. This system comes with a Linux kernel. Not long ago it was decided to begin its development. This was decided by a joint commission and the Russian Federal Nuclear Center located in the city of Sarov. It is worth noting that it is at the Synergy enterprise that the operating system should be intensively tested. It is necessary that it be brought to mind in order to be able to use it in user database management systems.

I would also like to note that such an idea is an initiative of Rosatom specialists, because imported software is very important in nuclear energy. It's time to pay attention to Russian products. Experts promise that the new operating system will be reliably protected from hacking, not inferior to its foreign counterparts.

Last straw

On the speed of adoption this decision influenced by the release of the next update package for Windows 7, which happened in August 2014. Ironically, thousands of computers around the world abandoned them. This is due to the fact that the updates had critical errors. In addition, malfunctions were observed in Windows RT, Windows 8 and 8.1 systems, which significantly aggravated the situation.

Why is this necessary?

It is worth noting that recently the issue of releasing a Russian operating system has been frequently discussed. True, this happened in an ironic manner. However, users are not to blame for their lack of patriotism. As practice shows, domestic projects are often only able to offer “non-boring wallpapers” and a new Ubuntu design theme. It is necessary to consider what requirements a promising Russian operating system must meet before deciding to invent it. It is also important to provide for the basic principles embedded in it. You can use your imagination and imagine which areas should be given attention during development.

"Childhood diseases"

You always need to start based on previous experience. It doesn't have to be positive. We are talking about ancient Spectrums with a slightly rethought DOS, as well as the “fundamentally new” BedOS 2 “Tanya”, which appeared relatively recently and was installed in computer clubs. They were Windows 98 redesigned almost beyond recognition. Thus, the operating systems did not act as a separate product. They were just reworked tools from a world-famous software manufacturer, although they had a new interface.

Tasks of domestic developers

When the development of a truly new Russian operating system for computers begins, its authors face a huge number of tasks.

It is worth dwelling on the main ones:

An operating system designed to perform all tasks must operate on Russian-made servers and workstations;
creation of working and functional virtualization tools for the OS;
creation, development, and support of the Russian application development environment;
production of tools that can be used to automate testing;
creation of a Russian “application store” to give a worthy answer to AppStore and the like;
development of an operating system that can function not only on desktop devices, but also on mobile equipment;
release of design tools to facilitate the development of new applications;
analysis of the business sector of the economy, as well as the creation of a special cluster of programs for it;
the Russian operating system must have its own working environment (DE);
development of new tools for installing and debugging created programs;
the possibility of painless migration of business, as well as home users, from previous versions of operating systems;
creation of training courses to familiarize users with the Russian operating system for personal computer, with its opportunities and prospects;

As for the Russian OS for mobile devices, it should become worthy competitor iOS Windows Mobile, "Android".

A few words about users of the new OS It's no secret that modern home computers, as a rule, are focused on games. It is worth noting that the PC market is known for a huge variety of computer hardware. The operating room plays a dominant role Windows system. It is used by most users. All their habits in this segment are distinguished by deep-rooted conservatism, so it is unlikely that they will be able to change their concepts. It follows from this that, most likely, the new Russian OS will initially be aimed at state-owned enterprises, as well as corporate segments of the economy and the military-industrial complex.

What are the requirements for the new OS?

1. The relatively low price of not only the system itself, but also the device that supports it and allows stable operation.
2. Opportunities for “cloud” work with documents.
3. Possibility for scaling. It is best if it is tailored to the requirements of a large organization.
4. Maximum speed of information processing.
5. High degree of reliability and security, including the penetration of viruses into the system.
6. The creation and development of the operating system must be carried out in accordance with modern trends in the computer technology market.

It is worth noting the fact that the Russian operating system "Rosa" is well protected from exposure malware. In addition, it is another Linux distribution. It is also important that it be possible to use the OS on a computer intended not only for government agencies, but also for home work. This way you can attract new audiences. Full compatibility with well-known common examples of computer equipment and peripherals is also of great importance.

Creating an operating system in accordance with hardware developments

Today, processors exceed 14 nm. Domestic Elbrus 65 nm saw the light. At the same time, it is planned to release a new type of capacious memory, ReRam, in the near future. It will differ in speed, leaving all the latest SSDs (NAND) far behind.

In other words, the primary task is to create a system that works not only on an existing, but also on a future device. These are the plans of leading manufacturers. True, this is not an easy matter, which is why many have doubts that such an idea will be successful. Now it’s worth talking about advancements in this segment, which are more realistic.

A few words about “Chameleons” and other things

Modern domestic operating systems can go in two real directions of development. First of all, I would like to note the completely justified interest of the military. It is for them that secure domestic software is important. The second path can be noted as “patriotic development”. Sometimes on the Internet you can find projects developed by authors announcing a Russian operating system. It is worth mentioning an OS such as Xameleon.

As for the technological side of the issue, it is very similar to Mac OS X. This can be seen in the use of a microkernel. The Chameleon operating system uses L4 development, while Mac OS X has a Mach microkernel. This is the slight difference between these two products. True, the domestic “answer” today does not even have a basic GUI. As you might guess, we're talking about about the graphical interface.

Other candidates

Some people are familiar with the Patriot OS operating system, developed by a Russian manufacturer. For quite some time now, Boomstarter has been collecting donations for its release. It is planned to collect an amount of 38,500,000 rubles. This already causes ridicule among many, as you can easily verify by searching this information in the Internet. The reason for such distrust among users is that such domestic projects usually gained more than 12 million.

And if you also get acquainted with the requirements presented to the new operating system, it immediately becomes clear that the declared amount is clearly not enough. Even if the Russian Patriot OS counts on at least 1-2% of the software market in this area, much more needs to be collected. Although, this amount may be enough for a preliminary beta version. Having familiarized yourself with it, you can easily judge the prospects of the project. True, the adequacy of certain characteristics calls into question the entire development as a whole.

A little humor

Thus, the author of the project plans to create a modern “Patrionet” Network, which is an analogue World Internet. It will be available exclusively to those users whose devices have the Patriot operating system installed, released by Russian manufacturers. It is planned to base it on unique dynamic technologies characterized by high speed. However, to accomplish this, even $38 million is negligible, not to mention domestic currency.

Distant prospects

There is an operating system called Phantom, developed by Russian computer scientists. Theoretically, it is a product of Digital Zone. In fact, this is Dmitry Zavalishin’s “home preparation”. Every year he zealously proves the merits of his own development at the HighLoad exhibition and other similar events. It is worth noting that the Phantom operating system, which is a Russian-made product, has nothing revolutionary or new.

The developers are not lying when they say that their products have nothing in common with a Windows/Unix clone. True, they do not mention that the Phantom is an almost exact copy of the KeyKOS/EROS system. It is worth noting that this topic was touched upon in the distant 80s of the last century. It was during that period that the general principles of KeyKOS were laid down.

The article briefly introduced new Russian operating systems and their possible future prospects in the modern software market.